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Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the method of measuring the angle of the trunk rotation using a smartphone with 3D smartphone holder compared to a scoliometer, which is a measuring tool used as a method for diagnosing scoliosis in scoliosis patients. @*Methods@#Angle of trunk rotation was measured in 21 subjects diagnosed with scoliosis. scoliometer measurement method, a smartphone measurement method with a 3D smartphone holder, a smartphone blind measurement method with a 3D smartphone holder, a smartphone measurement method without a smartphone holder, a smartphone blind measurement method without a smartphone holder, and a total of five measurement methods were repeated three times for comparison and analysis. @*Results@#The smartphone measurement method with a 3D smartphone holder has excellent intra-rater reliability of angle of trunk rotation (Rater A; ICC3, 2 ≥ 0.993, Rater B; ICC3, 2 ≥ 0.992). The smartphone blind measurement method with a 3D smartphone holder has excellent inter-rater reliability of angle of trunk rotation (ICC2, 2 ≥ 0.968). The scoliometer measurement method had the highest validity (r = 0.976) with the smartphone measurement method with a 3D smartphone holder, and the blind measurement method without a smartphone holder had the lowest validity (r = 0.886). @*Conclusion@#These findings, the angle of trunk rotation measured by the smartphone measurement method with a 3D smartphone holder in scoliosis patients showed high reliability and validity compared to the scoliometer measurement method.
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Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to figure out how PAP (Post-Activation Potentiation) phenomenon affects short-term performance efficiently. @*Methods@#This study was conducted with 18 Taekwondo athletes and 16 healthy adults. By using isokinetic dynamometer, two different intervention, TDP (Top-down program) and BUP (Bottom-up program), were performed to measure isokinetic parameter; (peak torque:PT, total work: TW, average power: AP, and average torque: AT) of knee extensor for intragroup, intergroup comparison and two-way ANOVA. @*Results@#The Taekwondo athletes group showed statistically significant differences in all isokinetic parameters PT, TW, AP, and AT after TDP (p 0.05). PT and TW at TDP were statistically significant (p < 0.05) when the rate of change in TDP and BUP was compared and analyzed considering the difference in physical ability between the Taekwondo athlete group and the healthy adult group. However, AP and AT were not statistically significant. Finally, when examining the interaction between the two groups and two exercise sequence according to isokinetic parameters, only TW (p < 0.05) showed a statistically significant interaction, while PT (P = 0.099), AP (P = 0.103), and AT (P = 0.096) did not. This study suggests that short-term performance can be improved through the PAP phenomenon when TDP is applied to the Taekwondo group. @*Conclusion@#According to our result, for Taekwondo athletes, if the goal is to improve short-term performance just before the main game, we suggest a training program through TDP.
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Purpose@#The purpose of this study is to confirm the effect of static stretching of the plantar flexor for 5 minutes on balance and ankle muscle activity when walking in young adults. @*Methods@#This study experimented on 20 healthy college students without vestibular and musculoskeletal diseases. Subjects performed static stretching intervention of plantar flexor for 5 minutes on a stretch board set at 15° to 25° Balance was measured four times before intervention (pre), after intervention (post), 5 minutes after intervention (post 5 min), 10 minutes after intervention (post 10 min), and ankle muscle activity was measured during walking. For the analysis and post hoc analysis, one-way Repeated Measure ANOVA and Fisher’s LSD (Last Significant Difference) was performed to find out the change in balance and the activity of ankle muscles before static stretching, pre, post, post 5 minutes rest, post 10 minutes rest. @*Results@#There was no significant difference in weight distribution index (WDI) in balance, but stability index (ST) showed a significant difference, and there was also a significant difference in correlation pre, post, post 5min rest, post 10 minutes rest (p 0.05). @*Conclusion@#The stability index (ST) increased significantly immediately after static stretching and decreased after 5 minutes. After static stretching, at least 5 minutes of rest are required to restore balance.
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Purpose@#This study aims to measure the improvement of balanced ability and rapid response of 30 healthy adults by performing dynamic stretching, static stretching, and sargent jump. @*Methods@#The sample 30 peoples without any musculoskeletal disease who volunteered to be the subject of the study. We measured all subjects on following metrics to evaluate the function and stability under the normal condition, with dynamic stretching (DS) group, static stretching (SS) group: vertical jump height and reaching distance Anterior, Posteromedial, Posterolateral and NO (Normal eye open), NC (Normal eye close), PO (Pillow with eye open), and PC (Pillow with close eye) were evaluated. All measures were analyzed using independent t-test and One-way repeated Anova. @*Results@#There was a significant increase in SJH (Sargent jump) in both groups (p 0.05). There was no significant improvement in ST (Stability Index) and WDI (Weight Distribution Index) in both groups (p > 0.05). @*Conclusion@#Both DS and SS showed significant improvement in SJH and Y-balance tests, which are dynamic functions, but had no significant effect on static balance ability.
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Purpose@#The purpose of this study is to objectively and systematically investigate the effect of Kinesio taping by organizing and analyzing the research results using effect size. @*Methods@#A total of 1,000 papers was searched, and 100 of them were selected the first time. Afterward, the effects of taping were analyzed and classified papers that studied balance, muscle strength, and pain, and finally 34 papers were selected. The effect size was calculated using the Effect Size Calculators (University of Colorado, USA) program. Statistical analysis was performed by using PASW Statistics software version 23.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive statistics were used to obtain the effect size and confidence interval for each group. @*Results@#In a study related to balance control ability, the effect size was 1.519 in the young subjects group (20-39 years old), and the effect size in the elderly group (65 years or older) was 0.360. In a study related to muscle strength, the effect size was 0.469 in the group of young subjects and 0.250 in the middle-aged group (40-65 years old), and the effect size of the elderly group was 0.848. In the study related to pain control, the effect size was 0.469 in the young group, the effect size of the middle-aged group was 0.972, and the effect size of the elderly group was 1.040. @*Conclusion@#Kinesio taping differed in the degree of effect according to the age group of the subjects, but it was effective in balance control ability, muscle strength, and pain.
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Purpose@#Dementia is a disease in which cognitive function declines, leading to deterioration of body functions and activities of daily living. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of dual-task training, including cognitive tasks, on cognitive and body function and β-amyloid levels in Alzheimer’s dementia patients. @*Methods@#34 inpatients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s dementia at a nursing hospital located in South Korea. The patients were randomly divided into a dual-task group (n=16) and a single-task group (n=18). Each group was trained for 30 minutes three times a week for eight weeks. The MMSE-K was used to measure the patients’ cognitive function. To assess the patients’ static balance ability, their LOS was measured using BioRescue. while dynamic balance was measured using the BBS. The 10MWT were conducted to evaluate the patients’ walking ability. Blood analysis was performed to measure levels of β-amyloid. @*Results@#Both groups exhibited statistically significant improvements in gait function after the training (p<0.05). The dual-task group exhibited statistically significant differences in cognitive function, static and dynamic balance function, and β-amyloid levels after training (p<0.05). A significant difference was observed between the two groups (p<0.05). @*Conclusion@#Dual-task training were found to be effective in improving cognitive and bodily functioning and reducing β-amyloid levels in Alzheimer’s dementia patients. Thus, this may be suggested as an effective exercise method for the treatment and early prevention of Alzheimer’s dementia.
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Purpose@#The purpose of this study is to objectively and systematically investigate the effect of Kinesio taping by organizing and analyzing the research results using effect size. @*Methods@#A total of 1,000 papers was searched, and 100 of them were selected the first time. Afterward, the effects of taping were analyzed and classified papers that studied balance, muscle strength, and pain, and finally 34 papers were selected. The effect size was calculated using the Effect Size Calculators (University of Colorado, USA) program. Statistical analysis was performed by using PASW Statistics software version 23.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive statistics were used to obtain the effect size and confidence interval for each group. @*Results@#In a study related to balance control ability, the effect size was 1.519 in the young subjects group (20-39 years old), and the effect size in the elderly group (65 years or older) was 0.360. In a study related to muscle strength, the effect size was 0.469 in the group of young subjects and 0.250 in the middle-aged group (40-65 years old), and the effect size of the elderly group was 0.848. In the study related to pain control, the effect size was 0.469 in the young group, the effect size of the middle-aged group was 0.972, and the effect size of the elderly group was 1.040. @*Conclusion@#Kinesio taping differed in the degree of effect according to the age group of the subjects, but it was effective in balance control ability, muscle strength, and pain.
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Purpose@#Dementia is a disease in which cognitive function declines, leading to deterioration of body functions and activities of daily living. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of dual-task training, including cognitive tasks, on cognitive and body function and β-amyloid levels in Alzheimer’s dementia patients. @*Methods@#34 inpatients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s dementia at a nursing hospital located in South Korea. The patients were randomly divided into a dual-task group (n=16) and a single-task group (n=18). Each group was trained for 30 minutes three times a week for eight weeks. The MMSE-K was used to measure the patients’ cognitive function. To assess the patients’ static balance ability, their LOS was measured using BioRescue. while dynamic balance was measured using the BBS. The 10MWT were conducted to evaluate the patients’ walking ability. Blood analysis was performed to measure levels of β-amyloid. @*Results@#Both groups exhibited statistically significant improvements in gait function after the training (p<0.05). The dual-task group exhibited statistically significant differences in cognitive function, static and dynamic balance function, and β-amyloid levels after training (p<0.05). A significant difference was observed between the two groups (p<0.05). @*Conclusion@#Dual-task training were found to be effective in improving cognitive and bodily functioning and reducing β-amyloid levels in Alzheimer’s dementia patients. Thus, this may be suggested as an effective exercise method for the treatment and early prevention of Alzheimer’s dementia.
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Purpose@#This study examined the effects of the directions of neck rotation position on the muscle activity and strength of the elbow flexor and extensor muscle. @*Methods@#Forty-one healthy adults participated in this study. The subjects were asked to their elbow 90° flexion in three different neck rotations (neutral, ipsilateral, and contralateral) in the sitting position. The muscle activities of the biceps and triceps brachii muscle were measured using surface electromyography. And the muscle strength of the elbow flexor was measured using dynamometer. One way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the muscle activity and strength of the elbow flexor and extensor depending on the different neck turning directions. @*Results@#There were significant differences between contralateral neck rotation and ipsilateral neck rotation, contralateral neck rotation and neutral position. But, there was no significant difference in the triceps brachii muscle activity in comparison with the neck rotation. There were significant differences between contralateral neck rotation and ipsilateral neck rotation, contralateral neck rotation and neutral position. @*Conclusion@#To summarize this study, the elbow flexor and extensor muscle activity and strength was highest in the contralateral neck rotation position. In other words, it was possible to confirm the effect of Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex in healthy adults whose primitive reflexes were inhibition, and head and neck positions should be considered during clinical evaluation and treatment.
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Purpose@#The purpose of this study is to provide basic evidence on the need to approach osteoarthritis patients through a psychological factors-considering rehabilitation program by understanding how activity restrictions in osteoarthritis affect health-related quality of life and depression. @*Methods@#This study assessed 3,761 osteoarthritis patients from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were divided into two categories: with and without activity restriction. @*Results@#The prevalence of osteoarthritis in women was higher than that of men (men: 19.7%; women: 80.3%), and high BMI increased the prevalence of osteoarthritis. The EQ-5D index of subjects with activity restriction was 0.84±0.18 (points), while in those without activity restriction was 0.93±0.12, and the diagnosis of depression was 15.8%, 8.2%. There was a statistically significant difference in the odds ratio for each item in the EQ-5D. Moreover, the odds ratio for depression with activity restriction was 2.098 compared with no activity restriction. @*Conclusion@#Activity restriction of osteoarthritis patients significantly decreases the health-related quality of life and increase the probability of depression. Therefore, early diagnosis of depression symptoms to prevent deterioration of symptoms in patients with osteoarthritis and to increase compliance with rehabilitation treatment, and to provide arbitration, including treatment that can alleviate depression.
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Purpose@#This study examined the effects of the directions of neck rotation position on the muscle activity and strength of the elbow flexor and extensor muscle. @*Methods@#Forty-one healthy adults participated in this study. The subjects were asked to their elbow 90° flexion in three different neck rotations (neutral, ipsilateral, and contralateral) in the sitting position. The muscle activities of the biceps and triceps brachii muscle were measured using surface electromyography. And the muscle strength of the elbow flexor was measured using dynamometer. One way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the muscle activity and strength of the elbow flexor and extensor depending on the different neck turning directions. @*Results@#There were significant differences between contralateral neck rotation and ipsilateral neck rotation, contralateral neck rotation and neutral position. But, there was no significant difference in the triceps brachii muscle activity in comparison with the neck rotation. There were significant differences between contralateral neck rotation and ipsilateral neck rotation, contralateral neck rotation and neutral position. @*Conclusion@#To summarize this study, the elbow flexor and extensor muscle activity and strength was highest in the contralateral neck rotation position. In other words, it was possible to confirm the effect of Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex in healthy adults whose primitive reflexes were inhibition, and head and neck positions should be considered during clinical evaluation and treatment.
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Purpose@#The purpose of this study is to provide basic evidence on the need to approach osteoarthritis patients through a psychological factors-considering rehabilitation program by understanding how activity restrictions in osteoarthritis affect health-related quality of life and depression. @*Methods@#This study assessed 3,761 osteoarthritis patients from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were divided into two categories: with and without activity restriction. @*Results@#The prevalence of osteoarthritis in women was higher than that of men (men: 19.7%; women: 80.3%), and high BMI increased the prevalence of osteoarthritis. The EQ-5D index of subjects with activity restriction was 0.84±0.18 (points), while in those without activity restriction was 0.93±0.12, and the diagnosis of depression was 15.8%, 8.2%. There was a statistically significant difference in the odds ratio for each item in the EQ-5D. Moreover, the odds ratio for depression with activity restriction was 2.098 compared with no activity restriction. @*Conclusion@#Activity restriction of osteoarthritis patients significantly decreases the health-related quality of life and increase the probability of depression. Therefore, early diagnosis of depression symptoms to prevent deterioration of symptoms in patients with osteoarthritis and to increase compliance with rehabilitation treatment, and to provide arbitration, including treatment that can alleviate depression.
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OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate hypertension with simple anthropometry data related to obesity in Korean adults and identify whether age specific waist circumference (WC) may be a useful screening tool for determining hypertension. METHODS: Subjects (n = 571) were classified into 3 groups by age; young (18–39 years), middle aged (40–64 years), and old aged (≥ 65 years). Correlations between demographic and anthropometric parameters and hypertension were performed using Spearman correlation analysis. Logistic regression analysis and ROC (receiver operating characteristics) curves were also analyzed for correlations with hypertension. RESULTS: Spearman correlation analyses, age, gender, WC, and body mass index were positively correlated with hypertension. When logistic regression analysis was performed, increased age and increased WC was associated with a higher incidence of hypertension, although gender and body mass index were not significantly related to hypertension. In ROC analysis of WC for hypertension demonstrated that patients in the old age group showed higher WC cutoff value than patients in the young and middle aged groups. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study demonstrate that WC may be a useful predictor of hypertension incidence among demographic and anthropometric factors in Korean adults. In addition, WC in the young population was more sensitive to the incidence of hypertension than in the elderly population.
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Adult , Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Anthropometry , Blood Pressure , Body Mass Index , Hypertension , Incidence , Logistic Models , Mass Screening , Obesity , ROC Curve , Waist CircumferenceABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between scapular asymmetry in young female adults and differences in left and right side activity of muscles adjacent to the scapula. METHODS: This study included 60 female students from U university in Korea. In order to examine scapular asymmetry, the lateral scapular slide test (LSST) was used. The LSST was performed in 3 different postures (LSST-1, LSST-2, and LSST-3; i.e., 0°, 45°, and 90° of upper limb abduction, respectively). Muscle activity was measured during external and internal rotation of the shoulder joints. Muscle activity was measured at the upper, middle, and lower trapezius, and the serratus anterior. RESULTS: In external shoulder rotation, there was a significant correlation (R = 0.450) between LSST-2 and the middle trapezius. In internal shoulder rotation, there was a significant correlation (R = 0.472) between LSST-2 and the upper trapezius, and between LSST-3 and the lower trapezius (R = 0.657); these results demonstrated a moderate positive linear correlation. CONCLUSION: There was a positive correlation between left and right scapular asymmetry and the difference in left and right muscle activity of the trapezius in female adults. Problems in the trapezius may lead to scapular asymmetry.