ABSTRACT
Objective: Aggression is a disruptive behavior that limits children's ability for a better adjustment. As commonly reported, sleep problems is associated with the presentation of aggression in ADHD children. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between sleep problems and aggressive behavior in children with ADHD
Methods: The study method is correlational and cross-sectional. The study population consists of children that were diagnosed with ADHD for the first time in Shiraz [south of Iran]. Fifty eight children [41 boys, 17 girls] clinically diagnosed with Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder, by a child and adolescence psychiatrist, participated in this study. They were enrolled by accessible sampling. Their ages ranged from 6 to 13 years [mean age=8.06 years, SD= 1.59]. None of The children were Medicaid recipients and participated in our study before beginning their medical treatment. Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL] and Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire [CSHQ] were used for data collection. For data analysis descriptive statistics, significance tests, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent samples t-test and regression analyses, were used
Results: Children with ADHD showed a high prevalence of sleep problems, a significantly higher rate that reported before. Needing parent in room to sleep' [56.9%] was the most prevalent problem. With regard to Sleep habits, sleep duration was age-related [F=17.58, P<0.001]. Correlations between sleep problems and aggression were significant. Parasomnias wake-up time, daytime sleepiness and sleep duration were main predictors of aggressive behavior in children with ADHD and accounted for 56% of variance of aggression. No significant gender differences in sleep habits were observed
Conclusions: As aggressive behavior is a frequently reported problem in patients with ADHD, the results of the study may present a basis for effective diagnosis and treatment planning
ABSTRACT
Background: University staff plays an important role in breeding a healthy and prosperous generation. Their right for attending to interests and selfactualization are noticeable. This qualitative research has been conducted in order to understand and explain the perspective and experience of staff working at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences [AJUMS] about Leisure time
Methods: A qualitative study using purposeful sampling was performed among staff working in all parts of AJUMS about leisure time in 2012. The tool used for gathering data was a deep, semi-structured interview. Data saturation was achieved with 18 interviews. Findings from the interviews were analyzed using conventional content analysis
Results: In this study, there were 5 themes for perspective and experience of staff, including meaningfulness and purposefulness of leisure time [physical, mental and social], leisure time activities [passing individual and in group], leisure time duration [more or less, and the same as the time of working], barriers for leisure time [personal, social, and environmental], and suggestions for how to spend leisure time [role of the person and community]. The findings from participants' views and experiences showed that they are not satisfied with their leisure pattern. With attention to working at university, they do not have efficient leisure time duration
Conclusion: Participants believed that leisure time is effective to improve their physical, psychological, and social performance. People spend their leisure time either individually or in groups. Personal, social, and environmental barriers highlight the role of an individual and society as a whole in increasing opportunities for better leisure