ABSTRACT
Objective: To assess the frequency of sarcopenia in type 2 diabetes mellitus [DM] patients using different formulas of bioimpedance analysis [BIA]
Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Obesity Clinic, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, between March and June 2015
Methodology: The present study included DM patients at >/= 18 years of age with BMI >/= 30 kg/m[2]. BIA measurements consisted of body weight, height, total muscle mass and sum of the muscle masses of the four limbs [ALM]. Skeletal muscle index, total muscle index, skeletal muscle percentage, total muscle percentage, and ALM/BMI were used for muscle-related analyses. The data were presented as frequency, mean +/- standard deviation, and percentage. Student t-test was used to compare differences between two independent groups
Results: A total of 295 DM patients were enrolled in the study, of whom 176 [59.66%] were females, 119 [40.34%] were males, 47 [15.93%] were over the age of 65 years, and the mean age was 53.39 +/- 10.39 years. Sarcopenia was determined in 40 males [33.61%] by body muscle ratio, in 15 males [12.60%] by ALM/BMI ratio, and in one male participant [0.84%] by skeletal muscle index. Among female participants, while sarcopenia was determined in 61 [34.65%] by body muscle ratio and in 1 [0.56%] by ALM/BMI ratio, no sarcopenia case was detected using skeletal muscle index
Conclusion: The frequency of sarcopenia in obese diabetic patients is found to be lower when skeletal muscle index and ALM/BMI ratio is used, but higher with body muscle ratio
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the seven-year experience of the mandatory undergraduate student research program of Marmara University School of Medicine, Turkey Retrospective Marmara University School of Medicine, Turkey Undergraduate students [from Year I, II and III; n=289], mentors [n=54] and graduates [n=30] were enrolled. They were all involved in a longitudinal, mandatory and interdisciplinary research program. Students conducted a project under the supervision of a mentor in small groups and every year they improved their research skills step-by- step around specific themes. Each year the program ended with the Marmara Student Congress [MaSCo], at which all projects were presented. Interventions: Student feedback evaluation, pre-prepared questionnaire filled by mentors and telephonic interview of randomly selected graduates Main Outcome Measures: Number of projects presented in medical congresses, published in medical journals and feedback from students, mentors and graduates Between the years 2002 - 2007, students presented 467 research projects in MaSCo. Out of a total of 205, 2nd and 3rd year projects, 10 were published in international journals [4.87%] and nine [4.39%] in Turkish journals; 51[24.8%] were presented in national and 22 [10.1%] were presented in international congresses. Chi square trend analysis showed that students' satisfaction in all items of research activity increased from first to the third year. Sixty- three percent of graduates found undergraduate research activity beneficial. Research programs should be one of the components of undergraduate medical education. We recommend that such programs be mandatory to develop research skills step-by-step