ABSTRACT
Objective@#Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous, highly heritable, a common childhood neurobehavioural disorder resulting from complex gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. The erythropoietin (Epo)/erythropoietin receptors (EpoR) system turned out to have additional important functions in nonhematopoietic tissue. In this study, we aimed to investigate the levels of Epo and and EpoR, and also their diagnostic values in children with ADHD. @*Methods@#A total of 70 children were included in the study, 35 drug-naive patients with ADHD (age: 6−12 years; male/female: 20/15) and 35 healthy controls (age: 6−12 years; male/female: 22/13). Serum Epo and EpoR levels was determined using a commercial sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. @*Results@#The results indicated that the levels of Epo decreased in patients with ADHD compared to control (p ＜ 0.05).On the other hand, EpoR levels increased in these patients (p ＜ 0.05). Furthermore, the ratio of Epo/EpoR was significantly lower in ADHD patients than controls (p ＜ 0.05). Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis showed high diagnostic performance for Epo and EpoR, areas under curve were 0.980 and 1.000, respectively. @*Conclusion@#This is the first report to investigate the association between serum Epo and EpoR levels in ADHD patients. Our results indicated that Epo may play a role in the etiology of ADHD, and Epo therapy may be beneficial in these disorders if given in addition to the routine treatment of children with ADHD. Furthermore, our results reveal possible diagnostic value of Epo and EpoR.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous, highly heritable, a common childhood neurobehavioural disorder resulting from complex gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. The erythropoietin (Epo)/erythropoietin receptors (EpoR) system turned out to have additional important functions in nonhematopoietic tissue. In this study, we aimed to investigate the levels of Epo and and EpoR, and also their diagnostic values in children with ADHD. @*Methods@#A total of 70 children were included in the study, 35 drug-naive patients with ADHD (age: 6−12 years; male/female: 20/15) and 35 healthy controls (age: 6−12 years; male/female: 22/13). Serum Epo and EpoR levels was determined using a commercial sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. @*Results@#The results indicated that the levels of Epo decreased in patients with ADHD compared to control (p ＜ 0.05).On the other hand, EpoR levels increased in these patients (p ＜ 0.05). Furthermore, the ratio of Epo/EpoR was significantly lower in ADHD patients than controls (p ＜ 0.05). Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis showed high diagnostic performance for Epo and EpoR, areas under curve were 0.980 and 1.000, respectively. @*Conclusion@#This is the first report to investigate the association between serum Epo and EpoR levels in ADHD patients. Our results indicated that Epo may play a role in the etiology of ADHD, and Epo therapy may be beneficial in these disorders if given in addition to the routine treatment of children with ADHD. Furthermore, our results reveal possible diagnostic value of Epo and EpoR.
ABSTRACT
To investigate the effect of strontium ranelate on bone collagen cross-linking in an ovariectomized rat model. Twenty-eight adult [12 weeks] albino female Wistar rats weighing between 200-250 g [n=7 per group] were divided into sham-operated, ovariectomized, prevention, and treatment groups. Animals in the prevention group were treated with strontium ranelate [500 mg/kg/day orally] for 120 days, starting immediately after ovariectomy. Animals in the treatment group were treated with strontium ranelate [500 mg/kg/day orally] for 120 days, starting 90 days after ovariectomy. At the end of the experimental period, stress, strain, and toughness of the cortical femur was measured, and collagen ultrastructure was evaluated. The study was conducted in Mersin University Biophysics Laboratory, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey from January to May 2008. Stress, strain, and toughness values decreased in ovariectomized, prevention, and treatment groups when compared with the sham-operated group. In this study, fiber organization was observed in the shamoperated group, whereas the parallel packing of fibrils was completely replaced by a random arrangement in the ovariectomized, prevention, and treatment groups. Strontium ranelate treatment did not repair collagen cross-linking in ovariectomized rats.