ABSTRACT
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the medical nutritional therapy (MNT) of adult non-critically ill hospitalization patients. METHODS: In a retrospective study, adults hospitalized for more than 48 h in non-intensive care unit medical and surgical areas that were classified as being at nutritional risk were included. Malnutrition was defined according to Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. RESULTS: A total of 255 patients, aged 54.13±18.4 years, who were at risk of malnutrition were included in this study. Of these, 50% were males. Notably, 52.5% received oral nutrition supplementation (ONS), 23.5% enteral nutrition (EN), 15% parenteral nutrition (PN), and 9% received enteral and parenteral nutrition (EPN). Patients with EPN presented the highest frequency of malnutrition (52%), and therefore they received more than 100% of energy and protein requirements. The median length of stay was 25 days. Among patients with nutritional risk receiving EPN, no deaths occurred. Patients, identified at nutritional risk, but without malnutrition according to GLIM, and receiving ONS had significantly lower mortality than patients receiving other MNT. CONCLUSIONS: Oral nutrition supplementation was the more frequent MNT prescribed. The frequency of malnutrition and percentage of prescribed energy and protein were higher in patients receiving PN and EPN compared with those receiving ONS.
ABSTRACT
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate the prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) and its association with body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and functionality among institutionalized older adults. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted. The swallowing function and diagnosis of OD were evaluated with a volume-viscosity swallow test. Activities of daily living were evaluated by the Barthel Index. Body composition was evaluated by BIA, and phase angle (PhA) was determined. RESULTS Eighty institutionalized older adults were evaluated. The mean age of the study population was 82±9.5 years, and 65% were females. The OD prevalence was 30%, dependence was 30%, and sarcopenia was 16%. In the multivariate analysis, a low PhA (<3.5°) was independently associated with the presence of OD adjusted by sex and age (OR: 2.60, 95%CI 2.41-2.90, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS A higher prevalence of OD was found. Significant and independent associations were found between low PhA, dependence, and sarcopenia with the presence of OD among institutionalized older persons.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Deglutition Disorders/diagnosis , Deglutition Disorders/epidemiology , Sarcopenia/diagnosis , Sarcopenia/epidemiology , Body Composition , Activities of Daily Living , Cross-Sectional Studies , Electric ImpedanceABSTRACT
Abstract Background Intradialytic oral nutrition (ION) has been shown to improve many clinical outcomes, including lowering mortality, in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Despite the benefits, ION is underused in many countries. Objective The objective of our study was to determine the perception of health-care professionals (HCP) in our environment of the use of ION in patients undergoing HD. Methods Survey applied to HCP in Mexico who worked or had worked in an HD unit in their locality. Results From 272 HCP who answered the survey, 74.3% believed that the use of ION has at least one beneficial effect; of these, the most frequently mentioned were an improvement in quality of life (QoL) (54.7%) followed by an improvement in serum albumin (37.9%) and muscle anabolism (31.6%). However, 49% consider that its use involves some risks. Of the respondents, 22% reported that their HD units allowed patients to consume food or supplements during HD sessions; the main reason given to forbid the introduction of food or supplements was the clinics policy (41%). Conclusions The personnel surveyed heterogeneous opinions regarding ION, but most believe that it may improve the QoL or the nutritional status of the patients. Nevertheless, the use of ION is uncommon in our country as it is against the internal regulations of most HD units.