ABSTRACT
Background: Salivary gland tumour accounts for less than 5 % of all head and neck tumours. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a useful method for evaluating suspicious salivary gland lesions due to its low cost, minimum morbidity, rapid turnaround time, high specificity, and high sensitivity. On the basis of cytological examination, lesions can be divided into inflammatory, benign, or malignant. If possible, specific diagnosis is given which helps the clinicians in planning the management of the lesion. The objective of the present study is to evaluate spectrum of salivary gland lesions in our set up and to access the diagnostic accuracy and efficacy of FNAC with correlation to histomorphology in spectrum salivary gland lesions. Methods: Present study being both prospective and retrospective, was carried out in department of pathology, VIMSAR, Burla, Odisha. The patients who came to cytology -preoperatively were subjected to FNAC to establish preoperative diagnosis. Postoperatively, the histomorphology was correlated with cytological diagnosis. The study was conducted over 3-year period (December 2014 to November 2017) in which 100 patients were observed. In the present study, 100 cases of salivary gland swelling are included . Salivary gland lesions were studied under the three groups, including non-neoplastic lesions, benign and malignant tumours. Results: In the present study, non-neoplastic lesions accounted for 56%(56/100), followed by benign tumour 29%(29/100) and malignant 15%(15/100). The most common gland involved was parotid (72%), followed by submandibular gland (25%) and minor salivary glands (03%), whereas no case of sublingual salivary gland lesion was observed in the present study. Chronic sialadenitis was the most common lesion (71.4%, 40/56). In benign tumours, pleomorphic adenoma accounted for maximum number of cases (86.21%, 25/29). In malignant lesions, mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant tumour (66.67%, 10/15). In the present study, both cytology and histology were carried out in 73 cases out of 100 in which correlation was done for sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy. The diagnostic accuracy of FNAC for the non-neoplastic lesions, benign tumours, and malignant tumours was 97.5%, 84.2%, and 85.71%, respectively, and overall diagnostic accuracy was 91.78%. Conclusion: The FNAC technique is accurate, technique sensitive, and specific especially when used as screening method. Preoperative cytology is a useful, quick and reliable diagnostic technique for rapid diagnosis which helps in early diagnosis and can prevent unnecessary surgeries on patient.
ABSTRACT
Background: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world and,by far,the most frequent cancer among women with an estimated 1.67 million new cancer cases diagnosed in 2012. It is well established that there are at least 4 main molecular subtypes of breast cancer based on different patterns of gene expression, and they have a considerable impact on outcome. Objective of this study is to establish a comparative analysis of breast cancer by IHC assay in western Odisha and to correlate with reference to tumor sizes, histological grade and lymph node involvement. Methods: This study was conducted in VIMSAR, Burla, Odisha from July 2014 to August 2017 where 66 Cases of radical mastectomy received for routine histopathological evaluation from Dept of Surgery for histological typing and evaluation of IHC status by Dako EnvisionTM FLEX/HRP detection reagent. ER, PR, Her2neu and Ki67 were evaluated as per ASCO/CAP guidelines. The molecular subtypes were correlated with known prognostic markers as tumor size,histologic grade and lymph node status. Results: Triple negative and Her2neu 20.9% of cases were more aggressive and correlated with increased tumor size,higher grade and majority showed lymph node involvement at an early stage. Conclusion: After overall assessment it was seen that majority of cases were Luminal A type followed by triple negative and Her2neu positive cases indicating not only the latter are related to poor outcome but also showed its increased prevalence in this part of odisha possibly because of late presentation. Molecular typing help categorize and plan targeted therapy to patients.