ABSTRACT
Background/Aims@#The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the management of colorectal cancer (CRC) may worse in elderly population, as almost all COVID-19 deaths occurred in the elderly patients. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on CRC management in the elderly population. @*Methods@#The numbers of patients who underwent colonoscopy, who visited hospitals or operated for CRC in 2020 and 2021 (COVID-19 era) were compared with those in 2019, according to 3 age groups (≥70 years, 50–69 years, and ≤49 years), based on the nationwide, population-based database (2019–2021) in South Korea. @*Results@#The annual volumes of colonoscopy and hospital visits for CRC in 2020 were more significantly declined in the old age group than in the young age group (both P<0.001). In addition, the annual volume of patients operated for CRC numerically more declined in old age group than in young age group. During the first surge of COVID-19 (March and April 2020), old age patients showed statistically significant declines for the monthly number of colonoscopies (–46.5% vs. –39.3%, P<0.001), hospital visits (–15.4% vs. –7.9%, P<0.001), CRC operations (–33.8% vs. –0.7%, P<0.05), and colonoscopic polypectomies (–41.8% vs. –38.0%, P<0.001) than young age patients, compared with those of same months in 2019. @*Conclusions@#Elderly population are more vulnerable for the management of CRC during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the elderly population are more carefully cared for in the management of CRC during the next pandemic.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Emergency consultation is a common and important aspect in the emergency department (ED). Kessler et al. suggested the five Cs of the emergency medicine (EM) consulting checklist; contact, communication, core question, collaboration, and closing the loop as a tool for evaluation of consultation quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of this checklist as a tool for assessment of the skill of requesting consultation in the ED. METHODS: This study was conducted in the ED at an urban training hospital. Three emergency physicians recorded telephone conversations when they contacted consultant physicians for consultation regarding emergency patients. After recording files were collected, eight raters evaluated each conversation using the five Cs of the EM consulting checklist. RESULTS: A total of 58 cases were gathered. The most frequent emergency acuity level of patients was 3, by 72.4%. The mean duration of conversation was 53+/-30 seconds. The mean total score was 41.9+/-3.1. When the scores for the five Cs' categories were evaluated, the score was lowest, at 2.9+/-1.0 for 'contact' and highest, at 4.8+/-0.5, for 'communication'. Inter-rater agreement (95%confidence interval) of the total score was 0.819 (0.755-0.875). In the case of acuity level 3, the agreement was high, at 0.859(0.796-0.911), whereas it was 0.691 (0.491-0.874) and 0.426(0.115-0.922) in acuity levels 2 and 4, respectively. CONCLUSION: EM consultations were evaluated according to the five Cs of the EM consulting checklist showing high inter-rater agreement. This checklist could be used as a tool for monitoring and feedback in EM residency training.