A single center experience of adrenalectomy for adrenal tumors

PURPOSE: In this study, we reviewed 16 cases of adrenalectomy, focusing specifically on the surgical outcomes and clinical courses.METHODS: The data from 16 patients who underwent an adrenalectomy at our hospital between January 2007 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed based on their medical records. Data available for each patient included age, sex, tumor location, length of postoperative hospital stay, tumor size, tumor pathology, final diagnosis, operation time, operative blood loss, and type of operation.RESULTS: The study population consisted of eight males and eight females, with a mean age of 58.00±11.34 years (range, 33–76 years). The mean tumor size was 2.78±2.02 cm (range, 0.5–7 cm). Fourteen patients were diagnosed with functional adrenal tumors and two with nonfunctional adrenal tumors. Compared to laparoscopic adrenalectomy, open surgery resulted in a statistically significantly longer operating time, increased operative blood loss, and a longer postoperative hospital stay.CONCLUSION: If the hormonal activity of adrenal tumors is not confirmed, the tumor should be considered functional when accompanied by related symptoms and an adrenalectomy should be performed. In addition, we suggest that a laparoscopic adrenalectomy is superior to an open adrenalectomy in terms of recovery after surgery, despite the small number of cases evaluated. Open adrenalectomy should be considered following comprehensive consideration of the patient's condition, such as accompanying surgery or metastatic cancer.

Effects of Repeated Citalopram Treatments on Chronic Mild Stress- Induced Growth Associated Protein-43 mRNA Expression in Rat Hippocampus

Although growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) is known to play a significant role in the regulation of axonal growth and the formation of new neuronal connections in the hippocampus, there is only a few studies on the effects of acute stress on GAP-43 mRNA expression in the hippocampus. Moreover, the effects of repeated citalopram treatment on chronic mild stress (CMS)-induced changes in GAP-43 mRNA expression in the hippocampus have not been explored before. To explore this question, male rats were exposed to acute immobilization stress or CMS. Also, citalopram was given prior to stress everyday during CMS procedures. Acute immobilization stress significantly increased GAP-43 mRNA expression in all subfields of the hippocampus, while CMS significantly decreased GAP-43 mRNA expression in the dentate granule cell layer (GCL). Repeated citalopram treatment decreased GAP-43 mRNA expression in the GCL compared with unstressed controls, but this decrease was not further potentiated by CMS exposure. Similar decreases in GAP-43 mRNA expression were observed in CA1, CA3 and CA4 areas of the hippocampus only after repeated citalopram treatment in CMS-exposed rats. This result indicates that GAP-43 mRNA expression in the hippocampus may differently respond to acute and chronic stress, and that repeated citalopram treatment does not change CMS-induced decreases in GAP-43 mRNA expression in the GCL.