ABSTRACT
Torsion of a normal adnexa is rare, but can occurs. For premenarcheal girls, gynecologic disorders are less commonly considered in differential diagnosis because they occur infrequently. Generally, girls with right lower quadrant pain are considered to have appendicitis untill proven otherwise. An immediate diagnosis is very important because early surgical intervention is the only way to save the ovary from necrosis. The author reviews the clinical presentation, ultrasonographic and MRI feature and treatment of torsion of normal uterine adnexa.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Abdominal Pain , Appendicitis , Diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Necrosis , OvaryABSTRACT
Heme oxygenage-1 (HO-1), rate-limiting enzyme in heme catabolism, has been known to show strong immune-suppressive properties although its mechanisms are not completely understood. In this study, the authors investigated the mechanism whereby HO-1 has anti-inflammatory properties in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. Body weight was evaluated and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1beta and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression was analyzed by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. In a mouse model, HO-1 inducer, cobalt-protoporphyrin IX (CoPPIX) administration significantly improved the clinical symptoms and histopathologic changes of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis as well as significantly suppressed the expression of several inflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and ICAM-1 induced by TNBS. Furthermore CoPPIX suppressed NF-kappaB activation that is an important transcription factor for expression of proinflammatory mediators in TNBS colitis while HO-1 activity inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX) reversed the protective effects of CoPPIX in TNBS colitis. Collectively, these results suggest that HO-1 exerts anti-inflammatory effects by down-regulation of NF-kappaB activity via induction of HO-1 during pathogenesis of TNBS-induced colitis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Blotting, Western , Body Weight , Colitis , Down-Regulation , Heme , Heme Oxygenase-1 , Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 , Interleukins , Metabolism , NF-kappa B , Transcription Factors , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , ZincABSTRACT
Cysts of the uterus are classified into two groups, acquired and congenital. The congenital cysts which are thought to arise from Mullerian or Wolffian remnants, are exceedingly rare. The acquired uterine cysts are by far the more common of the two groups. This paper describes a case of a congenital uterine cyst, with a discussion of the differential diagnosis on clinical and pathologic findings and histogenetic origin with brief review of literature.