ABSTRACT
Background: Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder is a common disorder that causes serious problems in elementary school and it is also implicated in crime statistics, aggression and other behavioral problems in society. This study estimated the prevalence of hyperactivity in elementary school children in Saghez City, Iran, at the age of 6-11 years
Methods: In this study, 760 students were selected from elementary school boys and girls equally, from Saghez. A type of cross-sectional multi-stage random sampling method was used, and from the elementary school student's academic year, 12 to 2011 were selected. First, variables such as; age, gender, grade level, school status, Children age, employment, parents' level of education, family size, child's birth order, and parental psychiatric history were collected. Second, the teacher and parent questionnaire, [ADHD rating scale-IV,] which consisted of two parts, was used. For the data collection, a copy of the letter was given to the teacher to complete and the questionnaires delivered. After completion, collected data was analyzed using the SPSS, 11.5 software
Results: The results showed that the prevalence of ADHD in the children was 34.4%, and by gender: girls 34.2% and boys 34.6%. Higher numbers of hyperactivity disorders were found in families whose parents had lower levels of education. Hyperactivity was observed to be higher in the third and fourth children who were born into larger families, but there was no significant correlation found between the prevalence of hyperactivity and the number of family members [p = 0.16]
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the development of training programs for disease prevention and managing hyperactivity disorder, in families with low socio-economic should be a priority
ABSTRACT
Decreased sleep quality is a common complaint during pregnancy. Relaxation is one of the non-pharmaceutical treatments for sleep disorders. Different techniques could have different impacts on various biological and mental stressors. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of progressive muscle relaxation and guided imagery on the sleep quality of primigravida women. This three-group clinical trial was conducted on 100 primigravida women, referring to Mashhad health care centers in 2014. All women, who met the inclusion criteria, were randomly assigned to three groups: progressive muscle relaxation, guided imagery, and control groups. The intervention groups performed the exercises twice a day for a period of four weeks at home after two sessions of relaxation training [held during two weeks]. Then, the quality of sleep was measured using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. For data analysis, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, paired t-test, and post-hoc test were performed, using SPSS version 11.5.The total score of sleep quality and its components [except use of sleep medication] was significantly lower after the intervention, compared to the pre-intervention period in progressive muscle relaxation and guided imagery groups [P<0.001]. Both relaxation techniques were effective in improving sleep quality and its components [P<0.001]. However, the effect of guided imagery was more significant than progressive muscle relaxation [P=0.015]. Both guided imagery and progressive muscle relaxation positively affected the sleep quality of primigravida women, although the effect of guided imagery was more significant. It is recommended to integrate guided imagery into pregnancy care for primigravida women with sleep disorders
ABSTRACT
Background: Childbearing for the first time is a unique experience. Quality of life is an important indicator in health studies. This study aimed to assess the quality of life of women who were conceived by ARTs and had successful childbirth for the first time and to compare it with quality of life in women who become pregnant naturally and similarly had successful childbirth for the first time
Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional comparative study. The accessible sample was recruited from patients attending an infertility clinic and two obstetric and gynecology clinics in Tehran, Iran, during March 2010 to March 2011. In all 276 patients were approached. Of these, 162 women [76 women in natural conception group and 86 women in assisted reproduction technologies group] who met the inclusion criteria were entered into the study. Quality of life was assessed using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey [SF-36]. Women completed the questionnaire at two time points: i. last trimester and ii. first month after delivery. Comparison was made between two groups using Mann-Whitney U test and paired samples t test
Results: Comparing the SF-36 scores between women in natural conception group and ARTs group before childbirth, it was found that natural group had better condition on physical functioning, role limitation due to physical problems, bodily pain and social functioning, while the ARTs group reported better status on general health, vitality, role limitation due to emotional problems, and mental health. However, after childbirth, the ARTs group reported a better condition almost on all measures, except for physical functioning. Comparing differences in obtained scores between two groups before and after childbirth, the results showed that improvements in health related quality of life measures for the ARTs group were greater in all measures, expect for general health
Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that health-related quality of life was improved in women who became a mother for the first time by either method. Comparing to women who became mother by natural conception, women who received ARTs showed better quality of life from this first successful experience
ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: According to the World Health Organization report, mental disorders are among the major causes of disabilities worldwide, which can decrease the success rate of educational progress in students and prevent their further achievements. Physicians believe that physical fitness is a suitable field to access good mental status. This study intended to compare the mental health of athlete and non-athlete students
Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study involved 74 university students who were randomly selected. The Goldberg General Health Questionnaire [GHQ 28] and Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire were used for data collection
Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics [frequency, mean and standard deviation] as well as the independent t-test in SPSS.13
Results: The total prevalence of mental disorders was 61.76%; but it was 9.4% among athlete students and 30.2 among nonathletes; the observed difference was significant [p<0.001]
Conclusion: Athlete students enjoy a better mental health status than non- athletes do