Evaluation of the Relationship Between Morphology, Volume, and Density of the Mandible and Dentofacial Vertical Dimension Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the relationship between mandibular shape, mandibular bone density, cortical bone thickness, and condylar volume and facial height using a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: Fifteen female patients (16-25 years old) were included in this study. The following measurements were performed on CBCT radiographs; inter-canine and inter-molar width of the mandible at three vertical points (alveolar crest, apex and basal bone), mandibular cortical bone thickness in disto molar and canine sections, bone density of the mandibular body and condylar volume. Afterward, subjects were divided into short face, normal and long face groups according to the Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA) measured on lateral cephalograms obtained from CBCTs. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, one-way ANOVA, and post-hoc analysis Results: The inter-canine width of the mandible at the apical point in long face subjects was greater than in the other groups. Likewise, the cortical bone thickness was significantly higher in long face patients compared to the short face and normal subjects. There was no statistically significant difference in mandibular density or condylar volume between patients with various vertical heights (p>0.1) Conclusion: Vertical growth pattern is correlated with mandibular morphology to some extent.

Comprehensive evaluation of dehydration impact on ocular tissue during Ramadan fasting

The present study aimed to review the effect of dehydration during Ramadan fasting on the health and ocular parameters leading to changes in eye function. Articles included in the study were taken from PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science and Google Scholar up to 2014. Related articles were also obtained from scientific journals on fasting and vision system. Dehydration and nutrition changes in Ramadan cause an increase in tear osmolarity, ocular aberration, anterior chamber depth, IOL measurement, central corneal thickness, retinal and choroidal thickness, and also a decrease in IOP, tear secretion, and vitreous thickness. Much research related to the effect of dehydration on ocular parameters during Ramadan fasting exists. The findings reveal association with significant changes on ocular parameters. Thus, it seems requisite to have a comprehensive study on "fasting and ocular parameters", which will be helpful in making decisions and giving plan to the patients

comparison of the diagnostic power of the Full Outline of Unresponsiveness scale and the Glasgow coma scale in the discharge outcome prediction of patients with traumatic brain injury admitted to the intensive care unit

This study aimed to determine whether the Full Outline of Unresponsiveness [FOUR] score is an accurate predictorof discharge outcome in traumatic brain injury [TBI] patients and to compare its performanceto Glasgow coma scale [GCS]. This is diagnostic study conducted prospectively on 53 TBI patients admitted to ICU of education hospitals of Medical Science University of Mazandaran during February 2013 to June 2013. Data collection was done with a checklist including biographic, clinical information and outcome. The FOUR score and GCS were determined by the researcher in the first 24 hours. Outcomes considered as in-hospital mortality and poor neurologic outcome [Glasgow Outcome Scale [GOS] 1-3] in discharge time from the hospital. In terms of predictive power for in-hospital mortality, the area under the receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve was 0/92 [95% CI. 0/81-0/97] for FOUR score and 0/96 [95% CI. 0/87-0/99] for GCS. In terms of predictive power of poor neurologic outcome, the area under the ROC curve was 0/95 [95% CI. 0/86-0/99] for FOUR score and 0/90 [95% CI.0/79-0/96] for GCS as evidenced by GOS 1-3. The cut-off of 6 showed sensitivity and specificity of total four score predicting poor outcome at 0/86 and 0/87 while the cut-off of 4 showed the value of in hospital mortality at 0/90 and 0/90. The total GCS score showed sensitivity and specificity 0/100 and 0/61 at cut-off 7 in predicting poor outcome while in predicting mortality at cut-off of 4 this range was 0/100 and 0/92. The FOUR score is an accurate predictor of discharge outcome in TBI patients. Thus, researchers recommend for therapeutic Schematizationto use in neurosurgical patients at admission day.

Valuation of ocular accommodation, convergence and fusional vergence changes during Ramadan

There are a few researches regarding the effects of Islamic fasting on visual system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ramadan fasting on the amplitude of accommodation [AA], near point of convergence [NPC], positive and negative fusional vergences [PFV and NFV, respectively] in visually healthy fasters. AA, NPC, PFV and NFV at far [6m] and near [40cm] were measured in 30 male students. Nutritional habits in a week before each examination visit were assessed with the Food Frequency Questionnaire [FFQ]. Mean age and fasting average experience were 23.9 and 10 years, respectively. AA and NPC showed significant changes [p<0.05] during Ramadan; but there was no significant difference before and after Ramadan in these parameters. NFV blur, break and recovery points at far significantly reduced in Ramadan than before [p=0.003, p=0.005, p=0.003, respectively] with insignificant compensation after Ramadan. Results showed that there was no significant correlation between changes in diet pattern and AA, NPC and distant NFV variations [p<0.05]. Some visual problems may be reported at far and near visual tasks during Ramadan; but most of the problems may be resolved after it. Some visual preparations may be needed for more effective visual activities during Ramadan; essentially for students with intensive visual tasks. Vision therapy may be suggested along with nutrient pattern improvement during Ramadan

Comparative assessment of anatomic and machine frankfort plane to true horizontal plane in new digital radiographs

Contemporary cephalometric analysis in orthodontics is based on comparison between craniofacial portions and reference planes. One of these planes is Frankfort Horizontal [FH] Plane that can be made by anatomic portion or machine portion. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the angle between Anatomic Frankfort Horizontal plane [AFH] and True Horizontal [TH] with the angle formed by Machine Frankfort Horizontal plane [MFH] and TH. Materials. In this Analytical-descriptive study, digital lateral cephalograms were taken in Natural Head Position from 50 orthodontic patients with the minimum age of 14 and class I malocclusion [Viazis analysis on Onyx Ceph software was employed to confirm the class I malocclusion]. Then on each cephalogram, two FH planes were constructed using machine and anatomic portions. Then the angle between each FH plane and TH plane was measured and recorded. Finally, the data were analyzed by paired Mest [a=0.05]. Machine Frankfort Horizontal plane [MFH] and Anatomic Frankfort Horizontal plane [AFH] showed significant differences of-5,66 and -1.58 degrees with True Horizontal plane [TH] respectively [P<0.001]. For cephalometric evaluation in orthodontic patients if the Frankfurt plane be used, it is better to use anatomical portion, because the difference between the Anatomic Frankfort Horizontal plane [AFH] and True Horizontal plane [TH] is significantly less than the difference between the Machine Frankfort Horizontal plane [MFH] and True Horizontal plane [TH]