viability of mouse spermatogonial germ cells on a novel scaffold, containing human serum albumin and calcium phosphate nanoparticles

In spermatogenesis, spermatogonial cells differentiate to the haploid gametes. It has been shown that spermatogenesis can be done at in vitro condition. In vitro spermatogenesis may provide an open window to treat male infertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a novel scaffold containing human serum albumin [HSA]/tri calcium phosphate nanoparticles [TCP NPs] on the mouse spermatogonial cell line [SCL]. First, TCP NPs were synthesized by reaction of calcium nitrate and diammonium phosphate at pH 13. Then, serial concentrations of TCP NPs were separately added to 500 mg/mL HSA, and incubated in the 100[degree]C water for 30 min. In the next step, each scaffold was cut [2x2mm], placed into sterile well of microplate, and then incubated for 1, 2, and 3 days at 37[degree]C with mouse SCL. After incubation, the cytotoxicity of the scaffolds was evaluated by different tests including 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide [MTT] assay, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] assay, vital staining, and cell counting. On the other hand, the release of TCP NPs and HSA from the scaffolds was measured. Based on microscopic observation, the size of cavities for all scaffolds was near 200-500 micro m, and the size of TCP NPs was near 50-100 nm. All toxicity tests showed that the increase of TCP concentration in the scaffold did not affect mouse SCL. It means that the percentage of cell viability, LDH release, vital cells, and cell quantity was 85%, 105%, 90%, and 110%, respectively. But, the increase of incubation time led to increase of LDH release [up to 115%] and cell count [up to 115%]. Also, little decrease of cell viability and vital cells was seen when incubation time was increased. Here, no release of TCP NPs and HSA was seen after increase of TCP concentration and incubation time. It can be concluded that the increase of TCP concentration in HSA/TCP NPs scaffold does not lead to cytotoxicity. On the other hand, the increase of incubation time leads to increase of mouse SCL cell death. In this study, it was found that TCP NPs and HSA could not release from the scaffolds. In future, both proliferation and differentiation of mouse SCL on HSA/TCP NPs scaffold must be checked over more wide incubation times

Incidence of sexual dysfunction in men after cardiac surgery in Afshar hospital, Yazd

Successful rehabilitation of cardiac surgery patients should include consideration of their sexual activity, but there is paucity of data regarding this matter. This study determined the incidence and type of sexual dysfunction in our patients. Two hundred-seventy nine men with age under 70 years old who had coronary artery bypass graft [CABG], valvular, or other types of cardiac surgery from Dec. 2006 until Dec. 2007 were enrolled in this descriptive-analytical study. They were interviewed before and 12 weeks after the operation in regard to the impact of surgery on their sexuality. The statistical methods used included analysis of variance, Kappa test, and chi-square analysis. The mean age of the patients was 55.7 +/- 10.66 [25-69] years. The incidence of sexual dysfunction was 20.1% before, and 76.4%, 12 weeks after the operation. P-valueas tested by Kappa test was 0.0001, which means that cardiac surgery had adverse effect on sexual activity of the patients. Types of sexual dysfunction were impotence, premature ejaculation, and decreased or loss of libido in 6.5%, 4.3% and 9.3%, respectively before operation, and 34.8%, 21.5% and 20.1%, respectively 12 weeks after the operation. Concurrence of more than one dysfunction was not reported. Sexual dysfunction is common after cardiac surgery, and sexual counseling is still not being addressed adequately. The role and responsibility of the physician and the rehabilitation nurse becomes evident, together with the need for the patient's partner to participate in counseling