ABSTRACT
Hepatitis delta virus [HDV] infection results in more severe and even fulminant form of hepatitis B in co-infected cases. This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of anti-HDV positivity and the associated risk factors in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Zahedan [Iran]. In this cross sectional study a total of 440 consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis B virus [HBV] infection attending the Zahedan Gastroenterology and Hepatology clinics from 2008 to 2011 were included. We performed test for HDV serum marker, using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Patients were split into two groups according to their HDV antibody status as HDV positive or negative. The collected data were coded, and the statistical analyses were conducted. Four hundred and forty patients with various forms of chronic HBV-related liver diseases enrolled in the study. 200 [45.5%] patients were carrier for HBV. 196 [44.5%] patients had chronic active hepatitis and 44 [10%] patients suffered from cirrhosis. Anti-HDV was demonstrated in 75 patients [17%]. The prevalence of HDV was 7%, 16.3% and 65.9% in carriers, patients with chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis, respectively. HDV infection is still an important public health problem in Zahedan and appears a major cause of progression of liver disease induced by HBV
ABSTRACT
On of the most common gasterointrestinal disease is gallstone disease and it's prevalence is 11%-36%in autopsies. If gallstone leads to symptoms and side effect cholecystectomy will be inevitable. Gastric infection due to H.P will cause several symptoms of which dyspepsia and epigastric pain are outstanding .Gall stones also usually causes epigastric and/or right upper quadrant pain. Pain in other abdominal quadrant is less common. In this study we investigated the coincidence of gall stone and gastro intestinal H.P regarding the common symptom, between these two conditions to prevent unnecessary operation. The cases were adopted from cholecystectomy candidates due to gall stone disease [proved by ultrasonography]. The control group were normal people who proved to be gall stone free ultrasonographicly. Serum IgG anti H.P was checked and compared between the two groups. Seventy percent of patients entered into the study which consisted of 35 case and 35 controls. The two groups were not significantly different in age and gender. There were 22 [68.8%] and 10 [31.2%] H.P positive cases in case and control groups respectively. Thirteen [34.2%] and 25[65.8%] cases were H.P negative in case and control groups respectively. Comparing these results will reveal a statistically significant difference[P=0.004]. The relationship between gastric H.P and gall stone in this study supports the role of H.P in gall stone formation. According to our results and the common symptoms of two conditions specially in atypic biliary colic, it seems that in many cases gastrointestinal H.P causes the pain. Prospective studies are recommended