impact of music on mood characteristics and performance accuracy in basketball players

Background: In recent years, psychological and physiological effects of music on athletic performance have become an attractive field of research. The present study investigates the effect of various kinds of music on mood characteristics and performance accuracy in skilled and semi-skilled female basketball players

Materials and Methods: The population for this quasiexperimental study consisted of skilled players [League] and semi-skilled players [PE students]. Seventy-two female basketball players [36 skilled and 36 semi-skilled] were selected randomly and assigned to different groups [exciting music, relaxation music, and favorite music]. Data was collected in two days using Brunel mood scale and 5-value Zachary scale for measuring the accuracy of basketball free-throw

Results: ANOVA results show that listening to music improved mood characteristics of participants significantly regardless of their skill level [p=0.012]. The interaction of test and type of music was significant on mood variables [p=0.01]. Favorite music was more effective than exciting music in improving mood properties [p<0.05]. In addition, music improved athletic performance regardless of skill level or type of prescribed music [2.58 +/- 0.093 in pretest vs. 2.88 +/- 0.77 in posttest]. Also, skilled players had significantly higher performance accuracy than semiskilled players [3.23 +/- 0.58 vs. 2.54 +/- 0.79] [p=0.001]

Conclusion: Results showed that negative emotions such as anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, and stress decreased in athletes regardless of the type of music, and positive mood characteristics, such as feeling strong, increased, which is indicative of mood improvement. Also, music improved the performance level regardless of the skill level or the type of prescribed music

[ effect of thiourea on shear bond strengths of composite to bleached enamel]

Reduced composite-tooth bond strength after bleaching inhibits immediate tooth restoration. To determine the effect of thiourea as a free radical scavenger on shear bond strength of composite to bleached enamel. Enamel surfaces of 96 sound human premolars were randomly assigned to six experimental groups [n=12] which were bleached with%15 CP, and two control groups 1, 2 [n=12] bonded without bleaching. The specimens in groups 3 and 4 [n=24] were bonded 24 hours after bleaching. Groups 5 and 6 [n=24] were bleached with a mixture of%15 CP and thiourea followed by bonding. Groups 7 and 8 [n=24] were bleached, immersed in water and left for 1 week. In odd groups, single bond and in even groups Excite were used. Composite Cylinders were bonded and the shear bond strengths were determined 24 hours later. Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD at a significant levels of p<0.05. There was no statistically significant difference between diverse groups. Mean bond strength was lowest in groups 3 and 4 and highest mainly in group 8 and with a little decrease in group 5. Bleaching with 15% carbamid peroxide caused insignificant reduction in composite-enamel bond strengths in bonding either after 24 hours or one week following the application of 2 types of bonding agents. Application of thiourea in combination with bleaching agents may be useful for immediate composite restorations

Comparison between two chlorine disinfectants as a post milking teat dip in dairy cows

In order to determine the efficacy of Agrisept tablets as a postmilking teat dip 30 Holstein cows, at 2 months after parturition were included. Subclinical mastitis was determined by analyzing the degrees of shirazma in milk samples at the beginning and the end of the first, second, third and fourth weeks of the study. Bacterial culture samples were obtained from milk of all the infected quarters. Agrisept was used as a teat dip for right and Benzalconium chloride for left quarters throughout the study [one month] and teat skin and its orifice were monitored for teat injuries. The numbers of infected quarters from the two groups at the mentioned times of the study were statistically analyzed with fisher exact and chi-square tests. Results showed that degrees of Shirazma test in the left and right quarters were significantly lower in Agrisept group at the end of first [p < 0. 038], second [p < 0. 42], third [p < 0. 56], and fourth weeks of study[p < 0. 03]. Bacterial culture of milk samples revealed; new intramammary infection of total bacteria [p > 0. 05] and Staphylococcus aureous [p < 0. 05] were greater in Agrisept compared to Benzalconium chloride group. It has been concluded that more studies are needed especially to evaluate the preventive effect of Agrisept on new infection rate of Staphylococcus aureous, before prescribing Agrisept as an effective teat dip