ABSTRACT
Background: recent investigations have identified anthelminitic effects of many medicinal plants particularly from condensed tannin sources. In addition, gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants have a negative effect on the farming industry worldwide
Objectives: the aim of the present study was to determine the potential anthelmintic effects of Quercus robur extract on alimentary canal nematodes in naturally infected sheep by faecal egg count reduction test [EPGRT]
Methods: the crude aqueous extract was prepared from Quercus robur as tannin extract. The nature and intensity of helminth infection was determined by coprological examination. The faecal samples of 600 sheep were collected from different regions of Kurdistan province. The samples were examined by flotation method [Clyton-Lane technique]. Fifteen sheep with the most count in egg per gram [include Marshallagia, Nematodirus and Trichostrongylids] were divided into three groups of five animals: First group [test group] were drenched with Quercus robur extract at 3.75g/kg, second group [positive control group] received Albendazole 2.5%, orally at 5mg/kg and third group [negative control] without treatment
Results: the results of faecal examination 3 days after administration indicated significant reduction of EPG in both group's treatment and positive control groups, 90.76% and 90.83% respectively, whereas there was no effect in the third group. Results were evaluated by Chi-square analysis and showed significant differences between treatment and negative control groups [p/=0.05]
Conclusions: results reveal that aquatic extract of Quercus robur has anthelminitic activity and further large scale studies are suggested to confirm pharmacologic effects of this herbal extract
ABSTRACT
Background: milk fever in cattle, sheep and goats occurs around the time of parturition and is caused by hypocalcemia
Objectives: the aim of this study was to investigate the physiological effects of experimental hypocalcemia on electrocardiography, hematology and serum biochemical changes in Markhoz goat breed
Methods: ethylene diamine tetra- acetate solution 4.6% was intravenously infused to 5 healthy goats [experimental group] and 5 healthy goats received 0.9% saline solution [IV] as control group. In both groups, electrocardiogram was recorded in base apex lead and serum was collected before and after infusion. Electrocardiography, biochemical and hematologic parameters were measured. Clinical signs of hypocalcaemia were caused by EDTA infusion
Results: the results in experimental group showed a significant decrease in calcium, lactate dehydrogenase, potassium, and increase in glucose concentration, [p<0.05].The white blood cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils decreased significantly [p<0.05]. Magnesium concentration, creatine phosphokinase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, phosphorus, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, Mean cell volume, Mean cell hemoglobin did not show significant change [p>0.05], heart rate change, presence of arrhythmias and its type were significant [p<0.05]. But, QRS pattern, T shape, P, QRS and T amplitude, S-T and Q-T interval waves had no significant change [p>0.05]. No significant change was seen in control group
Conclusions: the results indicate that evaluating some biochemical, enzymatic, hematological and electrocardiography changes can be helpful in the diagnosis of hypocalcemia
ABSTRACT
Electrocardiographic study of 50 healthy Markhoz goats ranging from less than 1 to more than 3 years in age was carried out. The heart rate varied from 99 to 123 beats/min with a mean of 110 beats/min. There was a significant difference between the heart rate of goats in 3 age groups [[P<0.05]. The mean duration of P and T waves and QT interval in base apex lead, QRS wave in lead I, P-R and PQ interval in aVF lead were higher and duration of QRS and T waves in aVR lead, P wave in lead III, PQ and P-R intervals in lead II and QT interval in aVR lead were lower than those in the other leads. The mean duration of QT interval had significant changes with age [P<0.05]
Subject(s)
Animals , GoatsABSTRACT
Dicrocoeliasis is an important livestock disease caused by digenean trematode namely Dicrocoelium dendriticum. The aim of the present study was to identify somatic and metabolic antigens of adult D.dendriticum in naturally infected sheep. Adult parasites collected from the liver of naturally infected sheep, were washed in cold phosphate buffer saline [PBS, pH=7.4] and stored at 20°C until analysis. Antigen used for the detection of antibody included somatic and metabolic of mature trematode. Somatic and excretory-secretory, antigens prepared with haemogenization and incubation of adult helminths, respectively. Electrophoretic patterns of excretory secretory and somatic antigens of D.dendriticum were revealed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis [SDS-PAGE] and wester blotting using sera from naturally harbored sheep. In western blot analysis of antigens D. dendriticum demonstrate 1 major antigenic polypeptide 130 kDa in both somatic and metabolic antigens and 6 protein bands ranging from 25 to 60 kDa in excretory-secretory antigens which were recognized by serum of sheep naturally infected. Our findings showed that the 130 kDa molecular weight polypeptide could be used as specific antigen for the immunodiagnosis of sheep dicrocoeliasis
Subject(s)
Animals , Sheep/parasitology , Antigens, Helminth , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Immunologic TestsABSTRACT
Considering the importance of hydatidosis among human beings and domesticated animals, the aim of the present study was to identify the diagnostic antigen of hydatid cyst by immuno-blotting method. After the preparation of sheep hydatid cyst, four kinds of antigens of raw fluids, boiled fluids, homogenized antigen of protosculex and the antigen of hydatid cyst wall were isolated. The negative and positive serum samples without any impurity were prepared in slaughterhouse. Electrophoresis of antigens by means of SDS-PAGE method using disconnected gel along with isolating gel with the concentration of 12% and compressing gel with the concentration of 5% in the vicinity of a marker with certain molecular weight was carried out. In western blotting method for detection of the specific antigen, a sheet of nitrocellulose membrane was transferred over the gel and electrophoresis was performed. After transferring protein to nitrocellulose membrane, fatless powdered mild was used as a blocking buffer and then, primary and secondary antibodies and benzidin di-amino substrate were used accordingly to identify specific bands. Electrophoresis pattern of the four antigens extracted from the cyst showed that among 14 protein bands, there are 9 protein bands with molecular weights of more than 116 Kilo-Dalton [kD] among which 4 bands with molecular weights of 18, 23,40, and 64 kD were more prominent and similar to the antigens of boiled fluid. In the electrophoresis of wall antigen, 9 protein bands out of 14 bands had molecular weights of more than 116 kD and there were 10 protein bands with molecular weights of more than 35 kD in the protosculex. By immuno-blotting method in raw fluid antigen, a protein band with molecular weight of 35 kD, and in cyst wall antigen 3 protein bands with molecular weights of 30, 33, 46 kD were identified as specific antigens