ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecologic complaint among adolescent females. They may usually not seek professional expertise in their attempt to alleviate this condition. The aim of this Quasi-experimental study was to determine the effect of group counseling program regarding to nutrition and exercise on primary dysmenorrhea in adolescents at high schools
Methods and Materials: eighty girls between 14-18 years of age were selected by simple sampling and divided into two groups [test and control]. These groups were studied before and after the intervention. Data was collected in both groups based on a questionnaire concerning 24- hour diet, pain quality and severity and nutritional and physical practices. Group counseling was then held over 8 sessions each of which lasted 1.5 to 2 hours for test group. Both groups were followed up for 3 consecutive menstrual periods by a self-report checklist. Finally, they were assessed again at the end of the above study periods
Results: findings of this study revealed a significant difference in pain severity of primary dysmenorrhea before and after the intervention [P=0.000]. A significant difference was also seen in nutrition and exercise status in both groups before and after counseling program [P<0.05]
Conclusion: from this study it can be concluded that in order to decrease and prevent the severity of primary dysmenorrhea and improve the nutrition and exercise status, counseling programs are better to be performed in high schools
ABSTRACT
Hearing loss is the most common sensory disorder in human and has a profound economic and social impact in the modern world. The etiology of deafness can be due to genetic or non-genetic causes in origin. Genetics etiology of hearing loss is classified into syndromic and nonsyndromic. The aim of this study was to determine the etiology of deafness in deaf students in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province, Iran. Altogether, 265 patients with mild to profound hearing loss were contributed in this descriptive study. The subjects were deaf pupils from the schools of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province. Age of the students was between 6 and 22 years. Medical history, pedigree information and demographic data were collected using a questionnaire. Each patient underwent general and otoscopic examinations and also pure-tone audiometery. Otoacoustic emissions, as well as auditory brainstem response testing were performed in patients suspected to neural hearing loss. Consanguineous marriages were detected in 67.2% of deaf families, from which first cousins marriage was the most common with the rate of 78.1% of overall consanguinity. Our study revealed that up to 98.8% of genetic deafness cases were in autosomal recessive mode. We found sensorineural hearing loss as a predominant type of deafness in 97.8% of the population studied. Moreover, hearing loss with genetic in origin was found as the most frequent deafness etiology with a rate of 60.8% and then acquired and idiopathic hearing loss are in next step, respectively. We found syndromic etiology in 4.2% of the students and ophthalmic problems were the most dysfunction accompanied with hearing loss. This data highlight the importance of consanguine marriage in the studied population. We found a very high rate [67.2%] of consanguine marriage, which can be the main cause of congenital deafness