ABSTRACT
Background: H9N2 avian influenza viruses [AIV] A have become panzootic in Eurasia over the last decade and have caused several human infections in Iran since 1998 and inactivated vaccine has been used in chickens to control the disease
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze H9N2 viruses that have infected broiler in Tehran Province, Iran between 1998 and 2008 based on Matrix gene
Methods: The complete coding region of Matrix [M] gene from 8 of H9N2 subtype isolated from chicken flocks in Tehran Province during 1998-2007 was amplified and sequenced
Results: Sequence analysis and phylogenetic studies of H9N2 viruses on the basis of data of viruses in this study and other selected strains available in the GenBank were conducted and determined variations among these sequences at different levels. Sequence analysis revealed a large number of similar substitution mutations and close evolutionary relation among sequences of M gene. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all our isolates belonged to the G1-like sublineage. In this study, it was determined that Iran's isolates have been in two separate branches and have the most similarity with Pakistan, United Arab Emirate and occupied Palestine's isolates
Conclusions: The available evidence indicates that M genes of H9N2 circulating in Iran during the past years were not well conserved. Our finding emphasizes the importance of reinforcing AIV surveillance
ABSTRACT
Acanthopagrus latus is one of the major commercially exploited species in the Persian Gulf. In recent years, it has gained importance as a candidate for aquaculture. Haematological parameters of wild-caught specimens were studied during the pre-spawning period to determine if they are influenced by the sex of fish. Blood samples were collected from 55 Fish [30 female and 25 male] captured from the Musa Creek in the north-west Persian Gulf. RBC counts were higher in male than in female fish [P<0.05] and other parameters such as WBC, Hct, Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC and leukocyte differential count did not show a significant difference between male and female fish
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Motivation has been known as a most important factor in directing people for doing activities. Lack or low of motivation affect all domains of human functions and caused negative effects. The aim of this study was identifying perception of nursing students from decrease in theirs motivation to nursing
Methods: This study done with qualitative approach and using thematic analysis method. Twelve nursing students from the Fasa University of Medical Sciences were selected through purposive sampling and interviewed in three focus group interview. After data collection, all interviews were transcribed and reviewed and themes extracted. Then a list of themes prepared and similarity in meaning and concept were reviewed and based on centralization arranged in a sub-category. Then with reviewing again relevant sub-categories arranged in a category
Results: Using analysis of transcribes a significant number of preliminary themes and 6 main themes that each having few other sub-themes were extracted. The main themes included Socio-cultural, educational, managerial, research, communicational and contextual
Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that communication problems with students are the most important factor in lack or low motivation toward nursing. It is recommended that nursing instructors and managers considered above items for promoting motivation of students toward nursing
ABSTRACT
Various definitions of teaching indicate the effort of training and education scientists for knowing teaching. Achieving to ideal and effective teaching involves connection between goals, teaching methods and students' learning. Effective teaching is critical for medical sciences student learning, especially in nursing students. The aim of this study was identifying perception of nursing students from effective teaching in nursing education. This study done with qualitative approach and using thematic analysis method. Eleven nursing students from the Fasa University of Medical Sciences were selected through purposive sampling and interviewed with focus group interview. After data collection, all interviews were transcribed and reviewed and themes extracted. Then a list of themes prepared and similarity in meaning and concept were reviewed and based on centralization arranged in a sub-category. Then with reviewing again relevant sub-categories arranged in a category. Using analysis of transcribes a significant number of preliminary themes and 8 main themes that each having few other sub-themes were extracted. The main themes included readiness, dynamically, valuing, individual characteristics of teacher, organization, evaluation, applicable and resources. The results of this study revealed that individual characteristics of teacher and communication with students are more significant factors in motivation and interest to learning and effective teaching. It is recommended that nursing instructors considered above items for curriculum planning in order to effectiveness of teaching and better learning