[Comparing the effect of feedback lecture and conventional lecture on the students' learning and satisfaction to teach intensive nursing cares]

Introduction: Although traditional lecture method is a good way to transfer knowledge and information; however, it is not a proper approach to teach complex and abstract subjects, prolonged learning, and higher level of learning such as analysis and synthesis. The present study was conducted to compare the effect of feedback lecture with traditional lecture on the students' learning and satisfaction in intensive nursing cares

Method: A quasi-experimental design was selected to conduct this study at school of nursing and midwifery affiliated to Yasuj University of Medical Sciences at the first academic year 2011. Twenty-six sessions of intensive nursing cares lesson were randomly allocated between feedback lecture as test group and traditional lecture as control group. The sample of the study consists of 33 nursing students at sixth semester of their academic years. Students' learning was evaluated by pre-test, posttest, mid-term and final exams. A valid and reliable form was used to assess the students' satisfaction and their perspective on teaching methods. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 17 and statistical t-test, Mann-Whitney test

Results: The findings showed a statistical significant difference in the mean scores of midterm and final exams between traditional lecture and feedback lecture [P=0.001]. Although the students were pleased with both of the teaching methods; however, a significant difference was observed in the students' satisfaction with feedback lecture [P<0.05]. Better comprehension of taught subject matters, preparation and pre-teaching study, immediate feedback and further acceptance of received comments from the students reported as positive educational outcomes of feedback lecture

Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that feedback lecture was more effective than the traditional lecture on students' learning. Based on the students' satisfaction and their suggestion to teach other subjects through feedback lectures, further studies are suggested to compare quality of learning through feedback lectures in other nursing courses

Evaluation of the serum zinc level in erosive and non-erosive oral lichen planus

Statement of Problem: Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory immunologic-based disease involving skin and mucosa. This disease is generally divided into two categories: erosive and non-erosive. Many etiologic factors are deliberated regarding the disease; however, the disorders of immune system and the role of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and monocytes are more highlighted. Zinc is an imperative element for the growth of epithelium and its deficiency induces the cytotoxic activity of T-helper2 cells, which seems to be associated with lichen planus

Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate the levels of serum zinc in erosive and non-erosive oral lichen planus [OLP] and to compare it with the healthy control group to find out any feasible inference

Materials and Method: A total of 22 patients with erosive oral lichen planus, 22 patients with non erosive OLP and 44 healthy individuals as the control group were recruited in this descriptive-comparative study. All the participants were selected from the referees to the department of oral medicine, school of dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Serum zinc level was examined for all the individuals with liquid-stat kit [Beckman Instruments Inc.; Carlsbad, CA]. Data were analyzed by adopting the ANOVA and Tukey tests, using SPSS 16 statistical software

Results: The mean age of patients with erosive and non-erosive LP was 41.7 and 41.3 years, respectively. The mean age of the healthy control group was 34.4 years .The mean serum zinc levels in the erosive and non erosive lichen planus groups and control groups were 8.3 [1.15], 11.15 [0.92] and 15.74 [1.75] micro g/dl respectively. The difference was statistically significant [p< 0.05]

Conclusion: The serum zinc levels were decreased in patients with erosive oral lichen planus. This finding may probably indicate the promising role of zinc in development of oral lichen planus

[ comparison of shock wave therapy and corticosteroid injection on the treatment of plantar fasciitis]

Plantar Fasciitis is a common musculoskeletal disorder, which can reduce physical activity of the affected person. The usual treatments have short-term effects or they can cause adverse effects. In this study the injection of corticosteroid and shock wave therapy have been compared. This was a prospective, randomized and single blind clinical trial. In the physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic of two clinic in Tehran, through the year 2011, 37 feet were randomized to each treatment group. The first group received 40mg methylprednisolone and 2 cc lidocaine 2% and the second group was treated with 3 sessions of rESWT [2000 pulses, 10 Hz, 2.5 bar] weekly apart. The data was gathered by a questionnaire, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after the intervention. Chi-square, T-test and mann-witney U test was used for data analyzing. In both groups 3 months after the intervention the severity of the symptoms were greatly improved. In short-term [1 month] corticosteroid effect was superior to shock wave's one [p<0.05]. This superiority declined through the time. In other words, the effects of the two treatments measured in the functional scale, didn't differ significantly 3 months after the initiation of the treatment [p>0.05]. Shock wave therapy can be an alternative treatment for plantar fasciitis

[How could FAIR test modify the H reflex in gastrocnemius muscle in patients with piriformis syndrome?]

Priformis syndrome [PS] is defined by a loose cluster of symptoms arising from entrapment of one or both divisions of the sciatic nerve as they pass the sciatic notch. This paper presents a method of using the H-reflex as an aid in the diagnosis of PS. Forcible pressure from the priformis muscle on the sciatic nerve can be induced by internal rotation of an affected limb in an adducted and flexed position [FAIR]. This pressure is reflected in a delay of the H-reflex. The length of delay seen in 15 legs of 14 patients who met the criteria for PS is compared with that seen in 7 unaffected contralateral limbs. Mean delay of H-reflex was 2.346 msec for affected legs and 0.368 msec for the combined control groups [p<0.01]. There were no significant differences in delay latency between control group and amplitude between all groups [p>0.05]

[Patient satisfaction before and after implementation of paying per case for employees]

Paying per case approach is being applied at Iranian Hospitals as one of the important levers of management, but, the payment rate is not proportionate to the services provided by each staff. The aim of this study was to compare patients' satisfaction of a hospital before and after the implementation of the method of paying per case based on the services provided by each staff. This before-after quasi-experimental study was conducted on two independent groups of hospitalized patients at Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Yasouj city. The sample, before and after intervention was 500 and 660, respectively. The sampling method was purposive. Data collection tool was questionnaire and data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical methods. The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of the age of the subjects, before and after intervention were 28.15 +/- 13.77 and 29.33 +/- 14.68, respectively. Based on the results, no statistically significant relationship was found between the gender and satisfaction before and after intervention. The education level of samples had statistically significant relationship with their total satisfaction of services before intervention [P<0.05], while, this relationship was not significant after intervention. The patients' satisfaction of nurses' performance and total services was statistically increased after intervention [P<0.05]. Implementing the method of paying per case based on the services provided by each staff, may increase satisfaction rate of patients

[Evaluation of neuropathy in workers predisposed to inhalation of N-hexane]

Workers who are exposed to inhalation N-hexane can gradually develop progressive polyneuropathy, sometimes results in paralysis and even death. Shoe workers, printers, rubber cement workers and every other job which use glue, are at risk of inhalation of N-hexane. The aim of this study was to compare variables related to neuropathy in these workers with healthy controls. We compared the results of nerve conduction study [NCS] on 30 N-hexane-exposed cases and 30 non-exposed healthy controls. All participants were male. Case group included 12 printers and 18 shoemakers. Their mean occupational experiences were 5.2 and 17 years, respectively. Mean of sural sensory nerve action potential [SNAP] and tibial compound muscle action potential [CMAP] amplitudes were significantly lower in exposed group [p value <0/05]. Mean of F-wave distal latencies significantly higher in the exposed individuals [p value<0/50]. Mean of sural SNAP and tibial CMAP-related distal latencies and tibial CMAP-related conduction velocities were not significantly different [P value >0/05]. This study showed peripheral nervous system involvement in glue-exposed workers. It seems that NCS is an effective method for diagnosis of subclinical and clinical neuropathy in N-hexane exposure. We can use this inexpensive and noninvasive method for screening and prevention of polyneuropathy in such persons

[Study of short term effects of low level laser therapy [LLLT] vs. local steroid injection on patients with carpal tunnel syndrome]

Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common entrapment neuropathy. Non-surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome is frequently offered to those with mild to moderate symptoms. The effectiveness of some non-surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome remain unknown. This study designed to compare the short term efficacy of local corticosteroid injection and laser treatment for mild to moderate idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. 44 hands in 33 consecutive patients with carpal tunnel syndrome confirmed by electrodiagnostic study were allocated randomly in two experimental groups. One group received local corticosteroid injection and the other received low level lasertherapy. Measurements were performed before and 8 weeks after treatments, and included pain assessment by visual analogue scale [VAS] and electrodiagnostic measurement [motor and sensory latencies and motor and sensory action potential amplitudes]. There was a significant symptomatic and electrodiagnostic improvement in both the injection and laser groups [P<0.05]. However, there was no significant difference in any of the outcome measures between the two groups [P>0.05]. LLLT was effective in treating carpal tunnel syndrome as well as local corticosteroid injection at least in short-term Long-term efficacy needs more investigation

Relation between school's stressor factors and physical-psychological complaints in high school students of Yasouj City, 2003-2004

Human being is usually facing a series of stressor factors in each step of his life. Specially in case of students whom stimulation will be arise in reaction with school's environment in order to prepare them to promote their psychological hygiene or psychological and behavioral disorders. In this respect, the present study was done in order to determine the school's stressor factors and their relation with student's physical complaints which was also measured according to age, sex, last year's average, etc variables. This is a correlation type of study in which 340 students [girls and boys] from pre-university level of Yasouj city with simple way based on objective were selected. The tools of data collection is a three section questionnaire consisting of information regarding personal characteristics, questions about stressors factors of the school [34 cases] and questions about physical complaints [19 cases] in students, which was done by questionnaire presenting at schools. Then, with the use of SPSS software descriptive and deductive statistics the data were analyzed. Results showed that, 50.3% of cases were boys and 49.7% of them were girls. The mean age and last year's average of samples was 17.54 +/- 1.11 and 16.25 +/- 2.03 respectively. The most stressor factors was anxiety for their future's studying and business, less average comparing with last year's average, to be deferred from studying, etc respectively and the most prevalent physical complaints of students was fast angriness, angst, headache, forgetting of lesson, etc. Also Pearson's correlation coefficient between school's stressor factors and students physical-psychological complaints showed significant relation [r=0.43, P<0.01]. Meanwhile, girls were facing stressor factors and physical complaints more than boys [t=-2.94, P<0.01, t=-3.15, P<0.01 respectively]. As it was mentioned in findings, there was a significant relation between school's stressor factors and student's physical complaints. Therefore stressor factors can be introduced to the students by teaching, helping them to select the ways of facing those factors. So that, an efficient step can be take up to promote the physical and psychological hygiene of this group of society

Causes of violence against women referring to Tehran legal medical center in 2003

In most societies, violence against women exists in which, economical problems, alcohol, marriage related, familial and cultural problems are among effective factors. This study is done to determine the effective causes of violence against women referred to Tehran legal medical center. This is a descriptive study performed in 2003 at Tehran Legal medical center. The sample consisted of 171 subjects and data collecting instrument was a questionnaire which was completed by researcher was consisting of demographic information of samples and their strikers and causes of violence. Results were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistical methods. Out of 171 subjects, 40.4% were in age group of 26-30 with mean age of 29.58 +/- 10.15 and 47.4% had high school education, 5.8% were illiterate and 0.6% gave no response. 29.8% of strikers had high school education and 3.5% of them were illiterate. The most effective cause of violence [27.0%] in married women was husband's skepticism and among singles [38.23%] was street clashes. Since most of violence causes in married samples are husband's suspicion which is a psychological problem, therefore more studies should be done to eradicate such problem. Street clashes are also a social difficult which is the most violence cause in single samples. These problems originated from our social and cultural disorders which should be considered deeply

Complications, type and severity of physical injuries due to violence in women referring to Legal Medical Center of Yasouj

Despite significant changes in the twenty first century the issues of discrimination and violence against women, remains unsolved worldwide. It seems that, the problem rooted in the culture of society, as acceptable normal social behaviors in some communities. In this respect, the purpose of the study was determination of type, severity and consequences of harms and injuries caused by beating and violence in women referring to Yasouj Legal Medical Center [LMC]. The design was a descriptive cross-sectional study in the Yasouj Legal Medical Center in 2005. The Sampling Method was census. The study subjects included all women and girls who were battered and referred to the Yasouj Legal Medical Center. The sample size was 325 subjects in this study. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire and interview. The study results were analyzed by descriptive, analytical statistics. The findings of the study, showed that the majority of the women [31.1%] had trauma and laceration because of their husbands violence against them and few of them [0.9%] were battered by their fathers. Also, the results of this study showed that, 61.5% of the type of injuries were kinds of bruises and ecchymosis. In the most cases [68.8%], the severity of the damages was diagnosed as moderate trauma. The most important complication occurred in the majority of the women [55.4%] was bleeding from the damaged tissues. According to the research findings, the rate of beating and laceration of the women in with serious complications and consequences Yasouj was high. Therefore, it would be necessary o investigate the ethiology of this ploblem deeply and to pay more attention to the issue of violence against women

[ effect of provocative tests on electrodiagnosls of clinical carpal tunnel syndrome]

Nerve conduction study is the most sensitive test for diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome [CTS]. This test is normal in some patients with mild CTS. Median nerve conduction study evaluation after a provocative test [e.g. wrist flexion] maybe helpful for diagnosis of mild CTS. This study aimed to determine the effect of wrist flexion on median nerve conduction in patients suspected to CTS and in healthy subjects. In this case-controlled study, 20 patients [20 hands] with clinical signs of CTS and normal routine electro diagnosis test results and 20 healthy subjects were investigated. Measured parameters included median nerve distal sensory latency [DSL], nerve conduction velocity [NCV], compound nerve action potential [CNAP], distal motor latency [DML] and compound muscle action potential amplitude [CMAP AMP]. The above noted parameters were measured before and after 5 minutes of full wrist flexion. Data were collected by filling out a questionnaire and were analyzed using Paired T-test. Distal Sensory Latency increment and NCV decrement after 5 minutes wrist flexion in the patients group were statistically significant [p<0.05]. The same parameters did not show a significant incremental or decremental change in the control group. Median nerve DSL and NCV measurement after 5 minutes wrist flexion may be helpful in determining more sensitive parameters in the electro diagnosis of CTS