[ effect of antioxidants [vitmin E and C] on preeclampsia in primipar women]

Precelampsia with prevalancy of 5-10% is one of the important causes of maternal morbidity and mortality and neonatal prematurity that prevention of it has aessential role in reduction of maternal and fetal mortality. Pathogenesis of disease is endothelial dysfunction and free radicals can exaggerate of endothelial damage.This study designed to evaluate antioxidants [vit E,C] effect on preeclampsia in primipar women. This study was a randomized clinical trial in 580 primipar women that randomized in two treatment and control groups. To the Treatmet group in 18-22w of gestation during routin prenatal care vitamin E [400 IU] and vitamin C [lg] administrated daily until end of pregnany. Control group recieved routin ferrous sulfate and incidence of preeclampisa compared in two-group. Data analyzed by chi-square test. Incidence of preeclampsia was 1.7% in treatment group and 6.2% in control group [p<0.05]. antioxidant [vit E,C] have an effect on reduction of preeclampsia incidence

Final test analysis of post graduate medical residents

Multiple choice questions are the most frequent test for medical students. It is important to analysis the overall response to individual questions in the test. The aim of this study is to analyse questions of post graduate medical residency tests. Final annual local [Hamadan medical school] and national tests given to three Residency groups including 17 Obstetrics and gynecology tests, 7 pediatrics and 12 internal medicine in 2004 were studied. In local tests residents answered to 148, 150 and 144 and in national tests to ISO MCQS. Questions were evaluated regarding cognitive domain level, Difficultly index and Discriminative index and finally to evaluate the optimal, proper acceptable and "must omitted" questions. Questions of local Obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics and internal medicine tests evaluated the "recall" level in 72%, 72% and 51% and in national tests 71%, 35% and 19%, respectively. Questions with Discriminative indices of 0.7 of more [proper] were 3 and 5% in Obstetrics and gynecology 3.5% and 1% in pediatrics and 1% in local and national tests. Proper difficulty indices [30-70] were shown in 53% and 54% in Obstetrics and gynecology, 34% and 43% in pediatrics and 40% and 42% in internal medicine. Generally evaluating, "must omitted" questions in local and national test were 76% in Obstetrics and gynecology, 81% and 79% in pediatrics and 91% and 85% in internal medicine. The most common causes making the questions to be considered "must omitted" in internal test were negative, zero or less than 0.2 Discriminative indices. Test analysis of final annual local [Hamadan medical school] and national test of Obstetrics and gynecology, Pediatrics and internal medicine residency programs in 2004 revealed that most of the questions are planned in "recall" level, harbor improper Discriminative indices, Difficulty indices and generally evaluating are "must omitted"