[ effect of melatonin on cardiovascular indices during exercise]

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of melatonin ingestion on cardiopulmonary indices during rest, exercise and recovery period in female athletes. Heart rate [HR], blood pressure [BP] and maximal oxygen consumption [VO[2] max] were measured before and after ingestion of melatonin during exercise. Ten female basketball players [age 21.8 +/- 1.135 year, height 171.1 +/- 1 cm.676, weight 61.3 +/- 1.693kg], who were playing in Shiraz basketball league, were selected for this study based on the regularity of their menstrual cycle in the last 3 month. They all were homogenized according to their chronotype and had not any kind of disease. They performed the protocol at luteinizing phase of their menstrual cycles in two separate days with 72 hours interval at 11: 30 min in the morning. HR, BP and VO[2] max were measured at the first day. To assess their VO[2] max and other factors under study during exercise, they performed Bruce treadmill protocol to exhaustion and all above factors were measured during exercise either. At the second stage, 72 hrs after the ingestion of 10 mg melatonin, the HR, BP and VO[2] max were measured 30 minutes after ingesting supplement. The same procedure followed for exercise and recovery stages. Paired-samples T test used for data analysis [alpha = 0.05]. HR decreased significantly after ingesting melatonin during exercise [p=0.0001]. Ingesting melatonin did not affect resting BP but it significantly decreased BP during exercise and recovery. Furthermore, ingesting 10 mg of melatonin before exercise led to significant increase of subjects VO[2] max [p=0.0001]. The finding of this study shows that ingesting melatonin decreases HR, BP and BT during rest, exercise and recovery moreover it increases VO[2] max. In other term it increases endurance performance especially in warm environments. Then, athlete and coaches could use melatonin ingestion as a method to pre-cooling, modulating applied stresses to cardio respiratory system during exercise in warm environments, improve their endurance performance and increase efficacy of recovery period

Primary central nervous system lymphoma

Primary central nervous system lymphoma [PCNSL] is an extremely rare condition in childhood. We report the first case of PCNSL in a child in Iran. A nine-year-old boy was referred to Mofid Hospital with the history of headache of four months and seizure of 2 months duration. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a hyper-intense lesion in left fronto-parietal area with secondary satellite lesions. Biopsy of the brain mass was performed. Pathologic findings showed brain lymphoma and immunohistochemistry confirmed this diagnosis. The treatment started with intrathecal and systemic chemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy

[Comparison of remaining obturating material on canal walls using rotary and hand instrumentation techniques for endodontic re-treatment]

Inadequate removal of the original obturating material during non-surgical endodontic retreatment may lead to failure of root-canal therapy. The purpose of this in vitro study was to quantify and compare the percentage of root canal area occupied by remaining gutta-percha, employing rotary and hand instrumentation techniques with and without use of chloroform. Ninety extracted single-rooted human teeth were prepared by a passive step-back technique in three different working lengths: optimum increased [over-instrumented] and reduced [under-instrumented]. Obturation was performed by a combination of cold lateral and warm vertical compaction methods. The teeth were divided into 3 groups according to the methods used for gutta-percha removal: Group A, stainless steel K-type hand files plus chloroform; Group B, rotary Ni-Ti files plus chloroform; and Group C, rotary Ni-Ti files without chloroform. The roots were sectioned longitudinally and the percentage of root canal area occupied by root-filling material was calculated by a digital stereomicroscope in three levels: coronal, middle and apical. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. The coronal two-thirds contained larger amounts of filling material in all 3 groups, but the difference was not significant. A significantly smaller amount of gutta-percha/sealer was found in the middle and apical thirds in group C [P<0.05]. The relative percentage of canal area occupied by obturating material was not significantly different among the 3 working-lengths. The use of rotary files without solvent resulted in cleaner canals. However, completely clean root canal walls were not achieved with any of the studied instruments

[Level of coping with stressors in parents of epileptic children]

Epilepsy as the most important chronic neurological disease affects on child and his/her family therefore it can lead to occur some stresses in family particularly in parents. This study has been done to determine ideas of parents with epileptic children about stressors and their coping with this agent in those who come to the optional therapeutic centers in Tehran. This is a descriptive-analytical research which 400 parents with epileptic children were selected based on aim. The method of collecting data was by questionnaire for literate persons and by interview for illiterates whose research tool was questionnaire. The questionnaire was prepared in three parts [demographic information's, stressors questions, and coping questions for parents with epileptic children. The data was collected in one stage and analyzed with SPSS software. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods [t-test, analyze variance] have been used. Statistical analysis showed that there is significant differences in stress between parents [p=0.001]. The most percentage [86%] of fathers in comparison mothers [81.9%] have moderate level of stress and least percentage [5.4%] fathers and [4.4%] of mothers have low level of stress. The level of stress in parents showed significant correlation with personal variables. Most percentage [69%] of fathers and mothers [66.1%] have low-moderate level of coping and it has significant correlation with some personal variables. The analyze variance test showed that there was significant and converse relationship between stress and coping in parents with epileptic children and increasing stress lead to decrease coping. The results of this study have been shown that the stress in father of epileptic children is more that mothers; however there is no significant differences in the level of coping

Taurodontism: a case report of successful treatment of root and crown

Taurodontism is a rare dental anomaly in which the involved tooth has enlarged and elongated body and pulp chamber with apical displacement of the pulpal floor. Endodontic treatment of these teeth is challenging because it requires identifying the number of root canals. A case of bilateral involvement of maxillary first molar teeth is presented. Endodontic treatment of the right maxillary first molar with taurodontism was indicated due to irreversible pulpitis. In this article, we described the procedure of root canal therapy for this case

Comparison of the extruded apical debris rate following rotary and hand instrumentation techniques during endodontic retreatment

Non-surgical retreatment is a way to correct the factors responsible for the failure of previous endodontic treatment. In recent years, rotary instrumentation systems have created a new option for both clinicians and patients. The aim of the present study was to quantify and compare the amount of debris extruded from apical foramen during endodontic retreatment using rotary and hand instrumentation techniques with and without use of chloroform. In this invitro experimental study, root canals of 96 extracted single-root human teeth were instrumented by passive step back technique in three different working lengths: optimum, over and under [three subgroups: a, b, c]. they were then obturated by a combination of cold lateral and warm vertical compaction methods. After removal of gutta-percha, re-instrumentation was performed in three groups as follows: group A; stainless sled K-type hand files plus chloroform, group B; rotary Ni-Ti files plus chloroform and group C; rotary Ni-Ti files without chloroform. Finally, the weight of extruded debris was blindly determined. The results were analyzed by Univariate ANOVA. In all groups, the mean weight for extruded debris was not more than 0.37 gr. The weight of extruded debris was ranked as: Group B>Group C>Group A. The differences between three groups and subgroups were statistically significant [P<0.001]. The results of this study showed that the largest amount of extruded debris during retreatment was found after using rotary files with solvent and in canals with overfilled obturation