[Effect of heat and vibration on primary dysmenorrheal]

The painful menstruation is one of the common disorders of female sexual organ which is experienced by almost fifty percent of the women affected by regular menstrual periods. The primary dysmenorrhea is referred to as the menstrual pain in absence of undetectable pelvic disease which occurs usually during 2 years after first menstruation when ovulation is established. This study was done to investigate the effect of heat and vibration on primary dysmenorrhea. This clinical trial study carried out on 75 female students, aged 18-22 years old from Islamic Azad University. Each subject evaluated for two menstrual cycles. At first cycle the participants received the routine pain-relief method. During the second cycle each of them applied combined heat-vibration device for ten minutes during menstrual pain. Data collected using questionnaire and pain visual analog scale and analyzed using SPSS-14, t student and Wilcoxon tests. In contols, pain score was 5.34 and 4.09 prior and after routine intervertion, respectively [P<0.001]. Also, in cases pain score significantly reduced from 5.34 to 3.44 after intervention by heat and vibration. In 8% of cases a slight redness was observed. This study showed that heat and vibration is more effective than routine intervention in pain during menstrual cycles

[Evaluation of the etiology of cataract in a referral hospital in Tehran, Iran]

To evaluate the etiology of cataract and prevalence and correlation of risk factors with various types of cataract. Among the patients who underwent cataract surgery in Labafinejad Hospital in 2004, 400 patients were chosen by a systemic sampling method. Information were collected from the patients' records and recorded in a check list. Senile and congenital types of cataract were the most prevalent in the sample. There was a correlation between age, mean age, sex, type of involvement and type of cataract. Among systemic diseases, hypertension was the most common [35.5%], followed by diabetes mellitus [22%]. In slit lamp examination, of congenital cases, the most common opacity was lamellar type and in other types of cataract, mixed opacity was the most common type. In this study the proportion of male cases was greater than that reported in other studies. Meanwhile, 65.5% of the patients were under the age of 70, which shows the need for evaluation of the relatively low age of onset in Iran