ABSTRACT
The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of local hyperthermia on the healing of burn wounds. Right and Left flunks of 8 Balb-c mice [as treated and control wounds respectively] were burned. Local hyperthermia was applied only for the burn wounds of the right flunks [the treated wound]. Sampling was accomplished on the 6[th] day for half of the mice and on the 9[th] day for the other half. The treated wounds had significantly smaller sizes than control wounds on the 6[th] day [P=0.019] and the 9[th] day [P=0.007]. The number of hair follicles and sebaceous glands of the treated wounds were significantly more than those of control wounds both on the 6[th] day [P=0.025 and P=0.043, respectively] and on the 9[th] day [P=0.012 and P=0.033, respectively]. Regarding the neovascularization there was no significant difference between the treated and control wounds on the 6[th] day but on the 9[th] day the neovascularization of the treated wounds was significantly more comparing to the control wounds [P=0.025]. Acute inflammation of the treated wounds was significantly less than the control wounds [P=0.015]. Collagen formation and reepithelialization in the treated wounds were more than the control wounds both on the 6[th] and 9[th] days. It is concluded that local hyperthermia can accelerate the healing process of the second degree burn wounds
ABSTRACT
S.typhimurium is a gram-negative bacterium causing serious enteric or extra intestinal infections in human, cattle and birds. These kinds of infections may lead to some permanent or nonpermanent complications like endophthalmitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome and osteomyelitis . Multi-resistant strains of S.typhimurium have been reported from several countries, and these infections are a major public health problem throughout the world. The aim of the present study was to develop a conjugate vaccine for prevention of S.typhimurium infections. For this purpose, polysaccharide side chain was conjugated with tetanus toxoid by carbodiimid mediated amidation method. Immunodiffusion was performed in agarose gel. Four groups of BALB/c mice were selected and immunized with heat killed S.typhimurium, purified polysaccharide, polysaccharide side chain-tetanus toxoid conjugate and sterilized distilled water and the role of each antigen in protection against infection with pathogenic S.typhimurium were investigated. Animals were challenged by intraperitoneal injections. The 50% lethal dose [LD.50] was determined on the 21"' post challenge day by Reed and Muench method. Immunodiffusion results showed that the conjugate reacted with heat killed whole cell vaccine antiserum and tetanus toxoid antiserum. Three injections of conjugate caused protection against intraperitoneal challenge. In conjugate immunized group, LDSO increased 15.4 and 11.11 fold in comparison to control group and polysaccharide side chain immunized group respectively. Results showed that polysaccharide side chain-tetanus toxoid conjugate injected in 3 doses is very protective in mice and can increase the LD50 of immunized animals significantly in comparison to both 0 antigen vaccinated and control groups