[ relationship between fetal gender and outcome of pregnancy in the term pregnant women]

Identification of fetus health risk factors can be helpful in the diagnosis, immediate treatment, and prevention of irreversible damages on the fetus. Fetal sex is considered as a risk factor in fetal and neonatal conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between fetal gender and adverse fetal outcomes in the term pregnant women. This cross-sectional study was performed in Besat Hospital in Sanandaj, in 2011 and included 2389 pregnant women. Gestational diabetes and presence of any underlying chronic disease such as hypertension, asthma, diabetes, and cardiac diseases were considered as our exclusion criteria. Data about stages and conditions of delivery and demographic variables were recorded in a questionnaire for every subject. Data about the neonates including Apgar score, fetal distress, and macrosomia were collected and recorded. Using SPSS 16 software, data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics including chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and t-test. There were no statistically significant differences between male and female neonates in relation to maternal age, gestational age, duration of the first and second stages of labor, and average time of rupture of membrane [p>0.05]. However, male neonates had higher birth weights [p=0.0001]. In addition, there were no statistically significant relationship between boys and girls in regard to preeclampsia, mode of delivery, Apgar score, meconium, detachment of placenta, IUGR, umbilical cord prolapse, and stillbirths [p>0.05]. However, prevalence of fetal distress syndrome was higher in boys [OR=1.83]. Apart from respiratory distress syndrome, fetal sex is not associated with any other adverse fetal outcome. Even though, frequencies of cesarean delivery and Apgar scores of less than 7 were more in the boys compared to the girls

[Investigation of the incidence rate of menstrual disorders in 17 and 18 year old high school female students in Sanandaj city in 2005]

Menstrual disorders cause a lot of problems for the women. Sometimes diagnosis and treatment of these problems seems very sophisticated. Early diagnosis and treatment of menstrual disorders together with its clinical complications, recognition of their underlying causes and their relation with one another, are essential for treatment of these disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of menstrual disorders and some of its potential causes in 17 and 18 year old high school female students in Sanandaj in 2005. This was a descriptive-analytic cross sectional study and included 511 high school female students at the age of 17 and 18 years. After obtaining primary information, in case of any menstrual disorder, the subjects were referred to a gynecologist for confirmation of the diagnosis. After confirmation of diagnosis sonographic and hormonal studies were performed. Using SPSS software, the data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and x[2] test. The incidence of menstrual disorders in the study population was 43.25%. Hypermenorrhea was the most and hypomenorrhea was the least common disorders [13.9% and 3.13% respectively]. Polymenorrhea was detected in 13.31% of the cases. The incidence rates of dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome [PMS], and spotting were 78.1%, 72.4% and 8.2% respectively. Menstrual disorders and its symptoms showed no significant relationship with presence of any evidence of PCO in sonoghraphy [P>0.05]. High incidence of menstrual disorders in high school students should be taken into consideration and necessary instructions should be given to these students to decrease their stress. In case of persistence of the menstrual disorder, hormonal and sonographic examinations should be performed to detect the underlying cause of menstrual disorder

prevalence of high blood pressure in blood donors and the relevant factors in Sanandaj Blood Transfusion Center in 1384

High blood pressure is one of the causes of blood donor rejection; therefore, detection and treatment of the mild hypertension in donors have an important role in increasing the health level of blood donors and decreasing their hypertension-attributed mortality and morbidity rate and finally in preventing their rejection from blood donation. It is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted on 1854 donors of Kurdistan Blood Transfusion Center during a 6-month period. Blood pressure of donors is controlled by the physician two times with a 15-minute interval. Demographic data were collected through questionnaire and were analyzed by SPSS and Chi-square test. 80.9% and 19.1% of the donor population were male and female respectively. Age average was 35.53 +/- 11.19 years. Averages of systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 123.02 +/- 13.23 mmHg and 77.35 +/- 8.88 mmHg respectively. Isolated systolic hypertension was detected in 7.5% and isolated diastolic hypertension in 4.5% of blood donors. 3.4% had mild systolic and diastoic hypertension. There was a significant correlation between sex, age, education status, blood donation and systolic hypertension [p<0.05] and also between age, education status and diastolic hypertension [p<0.005] but there was no correlation between donation, sex and diastolic hypertension. There was a low prevalence rate of hypertension in blood donors; it can be attributed to blood donor population being young and middle aged, good attention in donor selection, and careful physical examination