ABSTRACT
Hearing impairment is one of the most important causes which results in delays in language development and can also influence different aspects of language production and comprehension. Expressive and receptive language skills development of hearing impaired children depends on using appropriate educational rehabilitation programs. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of linguistic plays on aforementioned skills in pre-school hearing impaired children. In this quasi-experimental study, 10 hearing impaired children with hearing aids, aged between 5 and 7 years were randomly assigned into two groups [5 children in each group]. The expressive and receptive language skills of these children were evaluated via the TOLD-P: 3 [Persian Version]. In addition, their level of intelligence was assessed by Raven test. The difference between the scores of control and treatment groups using U Mann - Whitney test revealed that there is a statistically significant difference in expressive language skills [p= 0.009] and receptive language skills [p= 0.009] of the children who participated in linguistic plays. In other words, the present findings suggest that linguistic plays have a significant impact on improvement of aforementioned skills in pre-school hearing impaired children. Hearing impaired children have a lot of difficulties in language production and comprehension. Therefore, new educational rehabilitation programs needs to be planned to improve language problems of these children. According to the results of the present study, linguistic plays should be involved in the routine rehabilitation program to improve the expressive and receptive language difficulties of hearing impaired children. After sessions of linguistic plays, these children could make significant improvements to comprehend the meaning of sentences and words; also they can recognize, understand, and use common Persian morphological forms, utter and recognize the differences in important Persian speech sounds
ABSTRACT
Post-operative edema and trismus are common following removal of impacted teeth. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of local and intravenous [W]dexamethasone on the edema and trismus following hard tissue impacted mandibular third molar teeth surgery. In this clinical trial, 20 patients were randomly selected and allocated into two treatment groups. Surgical removal of bilateral impacted mandibular third molars under local anesthesia was performed. Group A received 8mg IV dexamethasone and group B received 4mg local infiltrated dexamethasone for each side. Edema was measured using both tape measure and sonography methods. In regards to trismus, interincisal mouth-opening was measured using a calibrated caliper pre-operatively and post-operatively. Data were statistically analyzed using Mann- Wittney and Wilcoxon tests. Both sonography and tape measure [method A] methods showed that the local dexamethasone was significantly more effective than IV dexamethasone in reduction of post-operative edema [p=0.012]. Meanwhile, the - difference of effectiveness between local and IV dexamethasone on the trismus was not statistically significant. The results indicated that the use of local dexamethasone is an effective therapeutid strategy in reduction of post-operative edema of mandibular third molar teeth surgery
ABSTRACT
Provision of adequate and safe blood is the main purpare of Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization. One of the most important and vital strategies to deal with the issue is to replace once donors by repeat donors. Psychological effects of blood donation on frequent and infrequent clients having referred to different blood collection centers in Tehran were considered to be the aim of this study. In the course of this analytic cross-sectional study the standard questionnaire of GHQ was utilized to measure mental health of the participants. All of the donors who had referred to blood collection centers in Tehran during 2004-2005 formed the participants of this research. Data were analyzed with Chi-square, t-test and Man Withney test. Nine hundred thirty five frequent and 749 infrequent donors filled the questionnaire. The level of anxiety and depression in repeated donors was also lower than the other group. The individuals who attempt on blood donation for the first time report their health and physical conditions at a completely acceptable level in order to be accepted as an eligible candidate; however, it is not the same for constant donors, as they do not benefit from this. The return rate of blood donors is very low in case of individuals suffering from high stress. Religious beliefs and the feeling of being beneficial to the society are considered to be important factors both in motivating people to repeat blood donation and protecting against depression. The results of the present study upon publication will also encourage donors to repeat their behavior
Subject(s)
Humans , Mental Health , Surveys and Questionnaires , Cross-Sectional Studies , Behavior , Depression , AnxietyABSTRACT
In spite of major advances in the field of quality assurance in the process of collection, preparation and storage of platelets, bacterial infection following platelet transfusion remains a major problem in transfusion medicine. The present study was carried out in order to evaluate bacterial contamination of platelet concentrates collected at Tehran Regional Educational Blood Transfusion Center. Bacterial growth of samples of platelet concentrates was studied in blood agar, EMB and thioglycollate broth after 48 hours at 37°C. The use of differentiation tests was made when any bacterial growth was observed. Simultaneously, the samples were also cultured in thioglycollate broth and studied for any turbidity or color change within 7 days. Any changes made the samples to be cultured in blood agar and EMB. Finally, the contamination rate and the ratio of contaminating bacteria were determined. Out of 7700 samples, three fourth [5775 samples] were taken from the cord and one fourth [1925] from both the bag and the cord. Out of 7700 samples of platelet concentrates studied, 14 [0. 18%] were found positive for bacterial contamination. The contamination rate was estimated to be one in every 550 tested platelets [0. 18%]. Since in cases of blood bag contamination, the cord had been contaminated as well, there was then no difference on whether the sample was taken from the bag or cord. The bacteria identified were as follows: Staph. epidermidis [n=4], Staph. saprophyticus [n=2], Acinetobacter [n=5], Bacillus sp. [n=3]. The results show that screening platelet concentrates for bacterial contamination is necessary for blood transfusion centers and hospital blood banks