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OBJECTIVE: To develop a method for simultaneous detection of 4 kinds of bisphenol A analogs in human urine by high performance liquid chromatography and tandem quadrupole mass-spectrometry. METHODS: The urine samples were extracted by solid phase extraction( Bond Elut Plexa) after hydrolyzed using β-glucuronidase and sulfatase. The gradient elution was carried out with acetonitrile-water. The bisphenol A-d16 and tetrabromobisphenol A-d10 were used as internal standard substances to conduct the quantitative analysis using the combined mode of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and mass spectrometry with the negative electrospray ionization,and the multiple reaction monitoring scan mode. RESULTS: The linear range of all the 4 kinds of bisphenol A analogs( Bisphenol F, Bishpenol A,Tetrachlorobisphenol A and Tetrabromobisphenol A) in urine was found to be 0. 50-100. 00 μg / L, and the linear correlation coefficients were 0. 998 6,0. 999 1,0. 999 6 and 0. 999 7,respectively. The limits of detection were 0. 21,0. 25,0. 01 and 0. 14 μg / L. The recovery rate was 69. 2%-99. 9%. The relative standard deviations of within-run and between-run precisions were 5. 5%-22. 8% and 2. 4%-14. 4%,respectively. The samples could be kept for at least 7 days at room temperature. The method was applied to detect urine samples of 38 children and 20 medical workers and the results were statistically analyzed. The detection rates of bisphenol A, bisphenol F, tetrachlorobisphenol A and tetrabromobisphenol A for children group were 94. 7%,94. 7%,0. 0% and 34. 2%,respectively,and those of the medical workers group were 100. 0%,100. 0%,5. 0% and 75. 0%,respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is effective for the detection of 4 kinds of bisphenol A analogs in human urine with simple operation,high sensitivity and good selectivity.
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Objective To compare the impact of the sirolimus and tacrolimus on the tumor recurrence after liver transplantation due to HCC beyond Milan criteria.Method Sixty-one liver transplantation recipients due to HCC beyond Milan criteria,between Jan.2008 and Apri.2012,were randomized,with the informed consent,into two different immunosuppression groups: sirolimus group (n=30) and tacrolimus group (n=31).In tacrolimus group,tacrolimus was used as the basic immunosuppressant,methylprednisolone was discontinued within one month postoperatively,and mycophenolate mofetil was used within the dosage of 1.5 g/d accordingly.In sirolimus group,the immunosuppresive scheme was the same as that of the tacrolimus group within postoperative one month,and from that,tacrolimus was transferred to sirolimus.No antineoplastic agents were given before tumor recurrence.The tumor recurrence rate and the survival rate of the recipients were compared between the two groups.Result The median follow-up duration was 35.2 months (10.3～ 60.2).The tumor recurrence rate at postoperative year 1,2,3 and 4 in the sirolimus group (13.3％,36.7％,43.3％ and 53.3％) was significantly lower than that in the tacrolimus group (38.7％,67.7％,74.2％ and 77.4％),P ＜ 0.05 for all.The one-year survival rate in the recipients postoperation had no significant difference between sirolimus group and tacrolimus group (90.0％ vs.87.1％,P=0.438).The 2-,3-and 4-year survival rate in the recipients was significantly higher in the sirolimus group (53.3％,33.3％ and 20.0％) than that in the tacrolimus group (41.9％,22.6％ and 9.7％),P ＜ 0.05 for all.The liver function and renal function of the recipients at the postoperative year 1,2,3 and 4 showed no significant difference between the two groups,P＞0.05.Conclusion In comparison with tacrolimus,sirolimus could significantly reduce the tumor recurrence rate and increase the survival rate for the liver transplant recipients due to HCC beyond Milan criteria.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>We aimed to establish a sensitive quantified method for the simultaneous determination of melamine and cyanuric acid residues in water and urine by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-ESI-MS/MS) with the pretreatment of hydrophilic functional silica gel and cation exchange resin mixed solid phase extraction column(MCT), and to investigate the melamine and cyanuric acid residues in 501 water and 216 urine from several province and city.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>About 100 ml water (or 10 ml urine) was adjusted to pH 3.0 with concentrated hydrochloric acid, and then mixed with the internal standard solution((15)N3-melamine and (15)N3-(13)C3 -cyanuric acid) and 100 ml acetonitrile (10 ml for urine). The solution was cleaned with MCT solid-phase extraction column, and eluted once by 3 ml methanol and twice by 2.5 ml methanol (containing 5% ammonia water). The effluent was collected and dried by N2 flow at 40 °C, and then diluted to 2 mmol/L ammonium acetate containing 90% volume fraction acetonitrile. The completely dissolved solution was then filtered with 0.22 µm organic membrane; and the filtrate was detected by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and quantified with internal standards. The repeatability and sensitivity of the assay were evaluated. Then we detected the melamine and cyanuric acid residues in 501 water and 216 urine samples collected from several province and city.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>By the quantification of internal standard (15)N3-melamine and (15)N3-(13)C3-cyanuric acid, the melamine and cyanuric acid were linear in the range of 2.0-1000.0 µg/L with correlation coefficient of 0.9998 and 0.9997. The detection limits of the method were separately 0.4 ng/L (melamine) and 0.3 ng/L (cyanuric acid) for water, and 4.0 ng/L (melamine) and 3.0 ng/L (cyanuric acid) for urine. The average recovery rate was around 95.3%-100.1% with the relative standard deviation (RSD) was <4.02%. Out of the 501 water samples, melamine was detected out in 19.9% (100/501) and cyanuric acid was detected out in 5.2% (26/501). The content was around 0.03-5.00 g/L. Melamine or cyanuric acid was detected out in 24.5% of the urine samples (53/216), with the content around 0.01-1.00 g/L.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The established method of solid phase extraction-hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry can satisfy the requirement for detection of melamine and cyanuric acid residues in all sorts of water and urine. Meanwhile, the two substances widely existed in water and Chinese population.</p>
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Humans , Chromatography, Liquid , Methods , Environmental Monitoring , Methods , Mass Spectrometry , Solid Phase Extraction , Methods , Triazines , Urine , Urinalysis , MethodsABSTRACT
Objective To compare the significance of two blood glucose monitoring methods of eight-point and five-point after liver transplantation. Methods 160 patients after liver transplantation selected eight-point or five-point blood glucose monitoring methods randomly,each method had 80 patients.Blood glucose value one month after operation,incidence of hypoglycemia,hospitalization time,daily use of insulin,time needed to reach standard level,incidence of infection were compared. Results Eight-point and five-point blood glucose monitoring methods showed no difference in incidence of hypoglycemia,hospitalization time,daily use of insulin,time needed to reach standard level,incidence of infection.Rate of blood glucose to reach standard level 4 days,1,2,3,4 weeks after operation also showed no difference. Conclusions Comparison of eight-point and five-point blood glucose monitoring methods supply the information needed in clinic,reduce the burden of patients,strengthen the compliance of patients,it has important practical significance for clinical work.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To carry out genotype analysis of enterovirus type 71, detected from hand-foot-mouth disease patients in Shenzhen in 2004.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All samples were tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using EV71 specific primer. The VP1 and VP4 of EV71 were cloned and sequenced. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparing the sequences with genogroups A, B and C genotypes using TreeView and PHYLIP software (3.6b).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The VP1 nucleotide sequence of 4 strains isolated from Shenzhen shared 87.8% - 92.0% identity with genogroup C, while the homogeneity of the VP4 nucleotide sequence was between 85.9% - 87.4%. The homogeneity of the VP1 nucleotide sequence with genotypes A and B was between 81.9% - 84.2% and was 80.6% - 85.0% with VP4. Among the 4 strains, the homogeneity of the VP1 nucleotide sequence was between 94.1% - 99.8% and was 100% with VP4 which formed a small group and could denominate EV71 genetype C4.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Similar results were obtained from phylogenetic analysis of EV71 based on VP1 and VP4 nucleotide sequence. The four EV71 strains causing epidemic in Shenzhen could be named as C4 subgroups.</p>
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Base Sequence , Capsid Proteins , Genetics , China , Enterovirus A, Human , Classification , Genetics , Genotype , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease , Virology , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , RNA, Viral , Genetics , Sequence Analysis, RNAABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To study and find reasonable methods of nursing care of incision through analyzing the risk factors in liver transplant patients.METHODS A total of 416 liver transplantation operations in our hospital from Sep 2004 to May 2006 were evaluated.The risk factors that resulted in the incision infection were considered.RESULTS The incision infection rate was decreased from 13.9% to 4.3% after improvement.CONCLUSIONS Nursing care is of great significance in preventing the incision infection in liver transplant patients.