Research progress of gut-skin axis in three inflammatory skin diseases / 中国药理学通报

Cut and skin have many similarities that all colonized with a large number of mierobiota.Among them,gut mierobiota has an important impact on health.Gut microbiota disturbance may trigger an inflammatory response .which in turn leads to tis¬sue damage or autoimmune reactions.A large number of studies have shown that gut microbiota is closely related to skin health and the theory of gut-skin axis has also been proposed.This arti¬ cle explores the effect of gut microbiota on three common inflam¬matory skin diseases, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and acne vulgaris.The important role of gut microbiota in the treat¬ment of inflammatory skin diseases is also reviewed.

Cyclosporin A osmotic pump tablets which can form supersaturated micelles / 药学学报

The poor solubility of cyclosporine A (CsA) in water limits its oral absorption. We prepared CsA/ Soluplus/SDS complex, which can form CsA/Soluplus/SDS supersaturated micelles (CSS-SM) after hydration. Then, We further prepared CSS-SM osmotic pump tablets (CSS-SM-T). CSS-SM had a particle size of 156 nm, where in encapsulation efficiency and drug loading efficiency of CsA were 89.0% and 17.5%, respectively. CSS-SM-T achieved zero-level drug release in vitro. Pharmacokinetic data from Beagle dogs (all animal experiments were conducted under the guidelines approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences) indicated that CsA in the ordinary osmotic pump tablets was hardly absorbed after orally administered; despite slightly lower bioavailability [relative bioavailability: (85.1 ± 47.4) %] than that of Sandimmum Neoral, CSS-SM-T displayed lower fluctuations in CsA plasma concentration and obvious sustained-release characteristics in vivo, implying lower toxicity. Therefore, CSS-SM-T provides a new research idea for the design and development of oral sustained- and controlled-release preparations of poorly water-soluble drugs.

Cholesterol-tuned liposomal membrane rigidity directs tumor penetration and anti-tumor effect

Recently, liposomes have been widely used in cancer therapeutics, but their anti-tumor effects are suboptimal due to limited tumor penetration. To solve this problem, researchers have made significant efforts to optimize liposomal diameters and potentials, but little attention has been paid to liposomal membrane rigidity. Herein, we sought to demonstrate the effects of cholesterol-tuned liposomal membrane rigidity on tumor penetration and anti-tumor effects. In this study, liposomes composed of hydrogenated soybean phospholipids (HSPC), 1,2-distearoyl--glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine--[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG) and different concentrations of cholesterol were prepared. It was revealed that liposomal membrane rigidity decreased with the addition of cholesterol. Moderate cholesterol content conferred excellent diffusivity to liposomes in simulated diffusion medium, while excessive cholesterol limited the diffusion process. We concluded that the differences of the diffusion rates likely stemmed from the alterations in liposomal membrane rigidity, with moderate rigidity leading to improved diffusion. Next, the tumor penetration and the anti-tumor effects were analyzed. The results showed that liposomes with moderate rigidity gained excellent tumor penetration and enhanced anti-tumor effects. These findings illustrate a feasible and effective way to improve tumor penetration and therapeutic efficacy of liposomes by changing the cholesterol content, and highlight the importance of liposomal membrane rigidity.

Effects of axial length and corneal curvature on corneal biomechanics in elderly population / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To explore the corneal biomechanical properties of the elderly with different axial length ( AL) and corneal curvature by corneal visualization Scheimpflug Technology ( Corvis ST) .?METHODS: Cross - sectional study. A total of 161 patients ( 297 eyes ) undergoing phacoemulsification were collected in this study. They were divided into 22-24mm, 24-26mm, more than 26mm groups according to axial length ( 190 eyes, 54 eyes and 53 eyes, respectively). Those of whom axial length was 22-24mm and the corneal curvature was 42-44D were divided into male and female groups ( 44 eyes and 49 eyes, respectively). Those of whom axial length was 22-24mm were divided into 42-44D group, more than 44D group according to corneal curvature ( 88 eyes, 102 eyes, respectively ) . Corvis ST was used to measure the biomechanical parameters of the cornea. The differences in the parameters between different groups were analyzed using the independent-samples t test or one-way analysis of variance and correlation analyses were performed using Pearson correlation analysis.?RESULTS:When comparing the corneal biomechanical parameters, no statistically significant differences were found between male and female groups (P>0. 05). The first applanation length and second applanation length among different corneal curvatures were statistically significant (P<0. 05). There was statistical significance on the difference of the second applanation velocity, deformation amplitude, central cornea thickness, intraocular pressure in different AL groups (P<0. 05). The axial length was positively correlated with deformation amplitude, intraocular pressure ( r=0. 429, 0. 278; P < 0. 001 ), but there was negative linear correlation between the patient's axial length and central cornea thickness, the second applanation velocity ( r=-0. 291, -0. 415;P<0. 001).?CONCLUSION: The corneal curvature and ocular axial length may be the factors affecting the corneal biomechanical characteristics. The longer axial length, the thinner corneal thickness, the more easily the corneal is deformed, and with the increase of the axial length, intraocular pressure also increases.

Effects of axial length and corneal curvature on corneal biomechanics in elderly population / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To explore the corneal biomechanical properties of the elderly with different axial length(AL)and corneal curvature by Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology(Corvis ST). <p>METHODS: A cross-sectional study. A total of 220 patients(426 eyes)undergoing phacoemulsification were collected in this study. One of them whose the AL was 22-24 mm and the corneal curvature was 42-44 D were divided into male and female groups(44 eyes and 49 eyes, respectively). One of them whose the corneal curvature was 42-44 D were divided into 22-24 mm, 24-26 mm, and more than 26 mm groups according to AL(99 eyes, 22 eyes and 12 eyes, respectively). One of them whose the AL was 22-24 mm were divided into 42-44 D, and more than 44 D according to corneal curvature(88 eyes, 102 eyes, respectively). Corvis ST was used to measure the biomechanical parameters of the cornea. The differences in the parameters between different groups were analyzed using the independent-samples <i>t</i>-test or one-way analysis of variance and correlation analyses were performed using Pearson correlation analysis.<p>RESULTS: When comparing the corneal biomechanical parameters, no statistically significant differences were found between male and female groups(<i>P</i>>0.05). The first applanation length and second applanation length among different corneal curvatures were statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05). There was statistically significant only for the difference of the second applanation length and central cornea thickness between two groups of 22-24 mm and 24-26 mm(<i>P</i><0.05). There was statistically significant for the difference of the second applanation length, deformation amplitude, central cornea thickness, the first applanation time, intraocular pressure and corrected intraocular pressure between the two groups of 22-24 mm and more than 26 mm(<i>P</i><0.05). But there was no statistically significant differences of the parameters between groups of 24-26 mm and more than 26 mm(<i>P</i>>0.05). The patient's AL was positively correlated with deformation amplitude, intraocular pressure and corrected intraocular pressure(<i>r</i>=0.263, <i>P</i>=0.002; <i>r</i>=0.463, <i>P</i>=0.000; <i>r</i>=0.449, <i>P</i>=0.000), and there is negative correlation between the patient's AL and central cornea thickness, the second applanation length(<i>r</i>=-0.240, <i>P</i>=0.006; <i>r</i>=-0.344, <i>P</i>=0.000).<p>CONCLUSION: The corneal curvature and ocular AL may be the factor affecting the corneal biomechanical properties. The longer AL, the thinner corneal thickness, the more easily the corneal is deformed, and with the increase of the AL, intraocular pressure also increases. When discussing whether the preparation of the cataract incision is affected by the patient's own factors, the different corneal curvatures and AL shall be considered.

Effect of puerarin on hypoxia induced proliferation of PASMCs by regulating reactive oxygen / 中国中药杂志

To discuss the effect of puerarin (Pue) on the proliferation of hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and discuss whether its mechanism is achieved by regulating reactive oxygen. PASMCs of primarily cultured rats (2-5 generations) were selected in the experiment. MTT, Western blot, FCM and DCFH-DA were used to observe Pue's effect the proliferation of PASMCs. The Western blot was adopted to detect whether ROS participated in Pue's effect in inhibiting PASMC proliferation. The PASMCs were divided into five groups: the normoxia group, the hypoxia group, the hypoxia + Pue group, the hypoxia + Pue + Rotenone group and the hypoxia + Rotenone group, with Rotenone as the ROS blocker. According to the results, under the conditions of normoxia, Pue had no effect on the PASMC proliferation; But, under the conditions of hypoxia, it could inhibit the PASMC proliferation; Under the conditions of normoxia and hypoxia, Pue had no effect on the expression of the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) among PASMCs, could down-regulate the expression of hypoxia-induced cell cycle protein Cyclin A and proliferative nuclear antigen (PCNA). DCFH-DA proved Pue could reverse ROS rise caused by hypoxia. Both Rotenone and Pue could inhibit the up-regulated expressions of HIF-1α, Cyclin A, PCNA caused by anoxia, with a synergistic effect. The results suggested that Pue could inhibit the hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation. Its mechanism may be achieved by regulating ROS.

Effect of puerarin on PI3K/AKT pathway-mediated apoptosis of PASMCs / 中国中药杂志

To discuss the effect of puerarin (Pue) on the proliferation of hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and discuss whether the extracellular signal PI3K/AKT pathway was involved in the Pue-induced PASMC apoptosis. With the serum starvation group (SD group) as the control group, the MTT colorimetry method, Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit and Western blot were used to detect Pue's effect on apoptosis of rat PASMCs. The protein immunoblot assay was used to detect whether PI3K/AKT pathway was involved in the inhibition of hypoxia-induced PASMC apoptosis process. The results show that under normoxic conditions, Pue had no effect on PASMC apoptosis; Under hypoxia conditions, Pue can inhibit PASMC apoptosis; Under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, Pue had no effect on TNF-α expression. Pue can reverse hypoxia-induced Bcl-2 (P <0.01), up-regulate it and down-regulated Bax (P <0.01). Under normoxic conditions, Pue had no effect on P-AKT expression. Both LY294002 and Pue can inhibit hypoxia-induced Bcl-2, up-regulation of P-AKT expression and down-regulation of Bax expression. Compared with the hypoxia + Pue group or the hypoxia + LY294002 group, the hypoxia + Pue + LY294002 group showed more significantly changes in Bcl-2, Bax, P-AKT expressions. The results show that, Pue can inhibit the hypoxic-induced PASMC apoptosis, which may be regulated through PI3K/AKT pathway.