Recent progress in the diagnosis of vitreoretinal lymphoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Vitreoretinal lymphoma(VRL)is a rare and aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and its early and correct diagnosis is still a great challenge because of its non-specific clinical presentation. For VRL diagnosis, pathological cytology is still the gold standard, but its diagnosis needs to combine with clinical manifestations, imaging features, immunological and molecular technology and so on. With the advancement of diagnostic technology, more efficient techniques of cytology and assistant diagnosis have been explored. Cytokines and interleukin score for intraocular lymphoma diagnosis(ISOLD), myeloid differentiation gene 88(MYD88)mutation and next-generation sequencing have higher diagnostic accuracy, so they have gradually become important auxiliary diagnostic methods and research hotspots.

Study on effect of gypenosides on insulin sensitivity of rats with diabetes mellitus via regulating NF-κB signaling pathway / 中国中药杂志

This study focused on the ameliorative effects of gypenosides(GPS) on insulin sensitivity and inflammatory factors in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) and explored their possible molecular mechanisms. After the successful establishment of T2 DM model, diabetic rats were randomly divided into four groups, including model group, GPS groups(200, 100 mg·kg~(-1)) and metformin group(100 mg·kg~(-1)), with healthy rats serving as the control. After 6-week intragastric administration, fasting blood glucose(FBG) and oral glucose tolerance were examined. The levels of insulin, C-peptide, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6) and C-reactive protein(CRP) in serum were examined. Then the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity index(ISI) were calculated. The protein expression levels of phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1(p-IRS-1) and phosphorylated protein kinase B(p-Akt) in skeletal muscle were measured by Western blot, as well as those of phosphorylated inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) kinase β(p-IKKβ), phosphorylated alpha inhibitor of NF-κB(p-IκBα) and phosphorylated p65 subunit of NF-κB(p-p65) in adipose tissue. The relative expression levels of glucose transporter 4(GLUT4) mRNA in skeletal muscle and NF-κB mRNA in adipose tissue were measured by qRT-PCR, and the morphological changes of pancreatic tissue were observed. Compared with the model group, the GPS groups witnessed significant decrease in FBG, marked amelioration of impaired oral glucose tolerance and significant increase in ISI. Further, the high-dose GPS group saw significantly reduced HOMA-IR, TNF-α, IL-1β and CRP, significantly increased expression levels of p-IRS-1(Tyr), p-Akt and GLUT4, and markedly inhibited p-IRS-1(Ser), p-IKKβ, p-IκBα, p-p65 and NF-κB. The concentration of CRP and the expression levels of p-IRS-1(Ser), p-IKKβ, p-IκBα and NF-κB were remarkably reduced in the low-dose GPS group. However, GPS was found less effective in the regulation of serum insulin, C-peptide and IL-6 levels and the alleviation of pancreatic islet injury. The results indicated that GPS can reduce FBG and improve insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats possibly by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway, inhibiting inflammation, and thereby regulating the expression of key proteins in the insulin signaling pathway.

Analysis of molting fluid in silkworm (Bombyx mori) by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry / 生物工程学报

Molting fluid, a liquid between the old epidermis and new epidermis, plays an important role in the process of ecdysis and metamorphosis for insect. In order to explore the function of molting fluid, we used two-dimensional electrophoresis to study the molting fluid during the prepupal stage and pre-eclosion stage. More than 200 protein spots were found in the molting fluid of the 2 stages, which distributed in the 4-9 of pI and 10-180 kDa of molecular weight. We selected 42 spots to be analyzed by the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF/TOF) from the molting fluid of pre-eclosion stage, of which 34 proteins were identified successfully, including apolipoprotein, protease and protease inhibitors, chitin-binding protein and protein involved in immunity. Some of the proteins demonstrated differential expression between the two stages of metamorphosis. In order to validate the result from proteomics analysis, we studied expression of the apolipoprotein D by Q-PCR from the developmental stages. The results showed that the gene encoding apolipoprotein D had the high expression from the 1st day to the 4th day of the pupa stage, which indicated they could be involved in eclosion due to the abundant accumulation in the late pupa. Our results offered more clues for understanding the mechanism of ecdysis and metamorphosis in insect and could give reference for further study of molting fluid.

Study on Anti-lung Cancer Efficiency of Centipede Extracts in Vitro and Vivo Experiments / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate efficiency of centipede extracts on apoptosis induction, proliferation inhibition to Human A549 cell line and growth suppression of subcutaneous transplanted sarcoma in nude mice. Methods Centipede extracts prepared by enzymolysis and acetone precipitation methods were used to treat human lung cancer A549 cell line. Proliferation inhibition was evaluated by MTT assay and half inhibit concentration (IC50) was calculated. Cell morphological change and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry and Hoechst stain. The subcutaneous transplanted sarcoma models were prepared with nude mice and randomly divided into model group, control group and centipede extracts group, with 10 mice in each group. Changes of tumor volume, quality and anti-tumor rate were observed.Results In vitro experiment, proliferation of A549 cells was inhibited with dose-dependency and IC50 value was 0.603 mg/mL. The G0/G1 phase of cells was down regulated and G2/M and S phase cells were up-regulated. The apoptotic character cells were been found by Hoechst stain. In vivo experiment, the tumor weight and volume decreased significantly compared with model control group, with statistical significance (P<0.01).Conclusion The centipede extracts shows dose-dependent anti-proliferative effect on A549 cells, which can induce apoptosis by arresting A549 cells at G2/M phase and suppressing growth of subcutaneous transplanted sarcoma of lung cancer in nude mice.

Screening and analysis of Chinese herbs with liver channel tropism acting on human liver cancer cell differential expressed protein tyrosine kinase / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To screen the Chinese drugs with liver channel tropism acting on the characteristic differential expressed protein of human liver cancer cell protein tyrosine kinase (PTKs) system by protein chip technology, and to analyze the difference in different Chinese drugs with liver channel tropism in relation to PTKs regulation. Methods Forty BALB/C nude mice were chosen; a piece of subcutaneous tumor mass was implanted into the left lobe of liver parenchyma to reduplicate the orthotopically implanted tumor models. After modeling for 10 days, the tumorigenicity was confirmed, and all the nude mice models were divided into four groups; different Chinese medicine extracts were injected intra-peritoneally into corresponding treatment groups respectively, and the methods of treatment in the 4 groups were as follows: In liver channel tropism drug pair of Huayu Xiaozhen group, rhizoma sparganii and curcuma zedoary with dosage containing crude drug 4.5 g·kg-1·d-1 was given, in liver channel tropism drug pair of Gongdu Sanjie group, the extract of centipede and scorpion with dosage containing crude drug 0.3 g·kg-1·d-1 was intra-peritoneally injected, in spleen channel tropism drug pair control group, astragalus and rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae with dosage containing crude drug 6.3 g·kg-1·d-1 was given, and in the model group, equal amount of 0.9% normal saline was intra-peritoneally injected. After the drug treatment for 3 weeks, the mice were sacrificed and the liver cancer tissue was obtained; after its total protein was extracted, protein chip technology was applied to screen the Chinese drug pair with liver channel tropism acting on differential expressed PTKs of human liver cancer cells, and the results were analyzed by cluster analysis.Results After the end of the experiment, there were 6 animals in Huayu Xiaozhen drug pair group, 5 in Gongdu Sanjie drug pair group, 5 in control drug pair group and 7 in model group. The protein chip screening results showed that the adjusting fold greater > 1.50 or < 0.67 was defined as the difference with statistical significance. Compared with model group, there were 42 up-regulated expressions of PTKs in Huayu Xiaozhen drug pair group, including 29 receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and 13 non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases (nrPTKs) of which the erythropoietin having adjusting fold over 5.0 produced liver cell receptor B1 (EphB1), epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB2, ErbB4) etc. 3 RTKs; there were 7 RTKs with adjusting fold 3.0 - 5.0 including EphA1, EphA3, EphA7, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2-α (FGFR2-α), hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR), macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and 2 nrPTKs with adjusting fold 3.0 - 5.0 were non-receptor tyrosine kinase BMX (BMX) and Janus kinase 1 (JAK1). In the Gongdu sanjie drug pair group, there were 23 up-regulated expressions: 15 RTKs and 8 nrPTKs, and 6 down-regulated expressions; the RTKs with adjusting fold 3.0 - 5.0 were ErbB4, M-CSFR and 1 nrPTKs that was megakaryocyte-associated tyrosine kinase (MATK). In the control drug pair group, there were 28 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated expressions. The results of cluster analysis showed that in Huayu Xiaozhen drug pair group, there were 17 differential expressed PTKs in accord with the screen criteria of which 9 were RTKs [receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2), stem cell factor receptor (SCFR), anaplasia lymphoma kinase (ALK), platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFR-β), insulin-like growth factor-IR receptor (IGF-IR), ErbB2, ErbB3, EphB1 and EphA2], 1 nrPTKs [fps/fes related tyrosine kinase (FER)] and 7 PTKs 3 RTKs (M-CSFR, FGFR2-α, EphA3) and 4 nrPTKs [acetate kinase 1 (ACK1), bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk), non-receptor tyrosine kinase ABL1 (ABL1) and BMX]. In Gongdu Sanjie drug pair group, there were 7 differential expressed PTKs in accord with the screen criteria 5 RTKs (M-CSFR, FGFR1, ROR2, EphB1, ErbB2) and 2 nrPTKs [src-related kinase lacking C-terminal regulation and N-terminal myristylation sites (SRMS), FER]. Conclusions The drug pair of centipede and scorpion with Gongdu Sanjie action possesses a more effective anti-HCC role than the drug pair of rhizoma sparganii and curcuma zedoary with Huayu Xiaozhen action, the mechanism is possibly via the regulation of PTKs signal pathway. The liver channel tropism drug pair of rhizoma sparganii and curcuma with action of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis possibly has an independent anti-HCC effective pathway outside the PTKs signal system.

Effects of various doses of Liushen Pill on microvessel density in models of esophageal cancer xenografts / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Liushen Pil is a traditional Chinese herbal formula, has the effects of heat-clearing and detoxicating, eliminating stagnation, detumescence and al eviating pain. Modern pharmacology verifies that Liushen Pil has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, cardiac, anti-viral, anti-tumor effects, and has been extensively used in the treatment of various infectious diseases and malignant cancer. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the inhibitory effects of Liushen Pil on esophageal cancer xenografts, and effects on microvessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. METHODS:After reproducing nude mouse models of human esophageal cancer, 48 nude mice were randomly divided into high-dose Liushen Pil group, moderate-dose Liushen Pil group, low-dose Liushen Pil group, cisplatin group, model group and blank group. According to medication regimen, drugs were given. The growth of transplanted tumor of nude mice was dynamical y observed in each group. The nude mice were sacrificed after 20 days of treatment. Neoplasm weight was taken and the tumor-suppressing rate was calculated. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect microvessel density and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The weight of transplanted tumor was significantly lower in the high-dose Liushen Pil group, moderate-dose Liushen Pil group, low-dose Liushen Pil group, and cisplatin group than in the model group (P<0.05). Microvessel density and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor were obviously lower in the each Liushen Pil group than in the model group, but not as apparent as that in the cisplatin group. Results suggested that Liushen Pil can inhibit the growth of the esophageal cancer xenografts. Liushen Pil can down-regulate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and reduce microvessel density, which is one of the tumor-inhibiting mechanism of Liushen Pil .

Rapid propagation of Bletilla striata by synthetic seeds technology / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a new manufacturing method for Bletilla striata synthetic seeds, and provided a new way for rapid propagation of B. striata, the correlated influential factors were studied.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The synthetic seeds were manufactured by taking seeds of B. striata as materials which were beforehand germinated in 1/2 MS medium for 10 days, and the influential factors such as artificial endosperm components, episperm substances, storage conditions and germination groundmass impact on the germination rate and seedling rate of the synthetic seeds were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compound 4.0% sodium alginate + 0.2 mol x L(-1) CaCl2 + 0.4 mg x L(-1) penicillin + 0.3% carbendazim powder + 0.2% sodium benzoate served as the best episperm substances while MS + 1.0 mg x L(-1) NAA + 2.0 mg x L(-1) KT as the best endosperm components, in which, high germination rate and seedling rate were obtained. The synthetic seeds storing in the 4 degrees C for a long time was able to have still high vitality.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The B. striata synthetic seeds manufacturing system was established successfully, while efforts should be taken to improve the sowing technique of the synthetic seeds in non-sterile conditions.</p>

Effects of lipopolysaccharide on mice iron metabolism related genes mRNA expression / 解剖学报

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on mRNA expression of iron metabolism related genes. Methods Ten male mice (2 months) were injected intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharide(0.5 μg/g). After 6 hours, mice were sacrificed and then sera, liver and spleen were collected. The mice blood routine was measured. The serum iron and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were determined with reagent kit. The quasi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed for mRNA of hepatic hepcidin(HP), ferroportin1(Fpn1), transferrin receptor 1(TfR1) and spleenic HP, Fpn1 and interleukin-6(IL-6). Results The serum iron and TIBC were reduced in mice injected LPS, which exhibited mild anemia(P＜0.05) . LPS can increase the expression of hepatic hepcidin and decrease Fpn1 and TfR1 in liver after LPS administration 6 hours(P＜0.05). In spleen, IL-6 was upregulated and Fpn1 downregulated(P＜0.05). Conclusion LPS can influence serum iron through regulating the mRNA expression of hepatic and spleenic iron metabolism related genes, such as HP, Fpn1 and TfR1.

Effect and Nursing Appraisal in the Combined Therapy of Aidi and Kanglaite Injection for Improving the Living Quality of Patients with Tumors / 中国医学伦理学

Objective:A combined therapy of Aidi and Kanglaite injection was employed to enhance the living quality of patients with tumors.Method: 50ml Aidi was added into 5% glucose 500ml,together with100 to 200 ml Kanglaite was injected per day,a medical treatment course lasts for 15 to 20 days,and the duration includes 1 to 3 courses.Result: 25% of all patients treated show a complete cure of tumor pain,43.8% of all patients show relief to some extent,with a total efficiency of 68.8%,and 72.8% of all treatment group show an increase in living quality.Conclusion: The combined therapy together with humanistic nursing care results in a significant effect in treating patients with terminal tumors.