ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The incidence of urinary lithiasis following kidney transplantation is very low, and decision-supporting data are not available. The aim of this study was to review the diagnosis and treatment of urinary lithiasis following kidney transplantation, which is of realistic significance to reduce urinary lithiasis following kidney transplantation, prolong the survival of renal allografts.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The incidence, diagnosis and treatment of urinary lithiasis in ten patients following kidney transplantation were analyzed retrospectively. Seven out of these patients had stones sized approximately 0.4 - 1.1 cm, and they were treated with low-voltage, low-frequency extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Two patients had stones sized < 0.3 cm and they underwent cystoscopy and ureteroscopy. The ureteral catheter endoscopes were inserted in a retrograde manner to mobilize stones repeatedly. After elimination of obstruction, a ureteral double J stent was indwelt. One patient had a pelvic stone (1.2 cm), which was removed surgically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The major clinical manifestations were hematuria, oliguria or anuria. Some patients were asymptomatic and they were diagnosed through laboratory tests and imaging examinations, e.g., ultrasonography. After elimination of obstruction, subjective symptoms disappeared in all patients, and the function of renal allografts recovered. A six-month follow-up indicated no remnant stones or lithiasis relapse.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The diagnosis and treatment of renal allograft lithiasis are challenging. After prompt and appropriate treatment, the prognosis was satisfactory, and permanent renal functional impairment did not occur in most patients.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Kidney Transplantation , Lithotripsy , Urolithiasis , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the method and clinical efficacy of laparoscopic excision of seminal vesicle cyst.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Laparoscopic excision of seminal vesicle cyst was performed under general anaesthesia in two patients with symptomatic seminal vesicle cyst confirmed by ultrasonography and CT scanning preoperatively. The sizes of the seminal vesicle cysts were 3.3 cm x 3.7 cm x 2.5 cm and 4.1 cm x 4.3 cm x 5.3 cm, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operations were performed successfully in both the patients, with the operation time of 140 min and 100 min, blood loss of 50 ml and 20 ml, and postoperative stay of 6 days. The patients were followed up for 6 and 7 months, respectively. All the preoperative symptoms disappeared, and no complications and recurrence were found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Laparoscopic excision of seminal vesicle cyst, with a good visual field, refined procedure, minimal invasiveness and rapid recovery, is a safe and effective surgical option for patients with seminal vesicle cyst.</p>