ABSTRACT
The phytochemical screening and antioxidant potential of bark and stem of Parthenocissus quinquefolia [L.]planch was assessed in order to verify its ethnopharmacological significance. All major secondary metabolites e.g. alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, reducing sugars, cardiac glycosides and anthraquinones were present. Antioxidant activity was analysed by using five techniques which included DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Activity, FRAP [Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power], TAA [Total Antioxidant Activity, TPC [Total Phenolic Content and MC [Metal Chelating] Activity. Ethanolic extract of bark showed the highest scavenging effects of 90.01+/-0.01%, with IC50 value of 24.32mg/ml. Aqueous stem extract showed best activity with IC50 value of 13.6+/-0.34mg/ml. The significance antioxidant potential indicates the effectiveness of bark and stem of P. quinquefolia in treatment of many diseases
ABSTRACT
Hypodermosis is a parasitic disease of cattle. The pathogenicity of the disease is attributed to Hypodermin proteins [Hypodermin A, Hypodermin B and Hypodermin C]. Studies suggest that Hypodermin proteins may be defined as Serine proteases and collagenases. The structure of both proteases Hypodermin A and Hypodermin B were modeled using the Swiss-model server followed by its validation using Procheck, Errat and Verify-3D. Afterwards, both Hypodermin A and Hypodermin B were docked against collagen in order to study its interaction with respective Hypodermin proteins. The structure of both Hypodermin A and Hypodermin B showed more bent towards hydrophobic nature, as more beta sheets were present in them. Both structures were also superimposed to check out similarities and differences present between them. Serine, Aspartic acid, Histidine, Glutamic acid and Lysine are found as interacting residues that are involved in hydrogen bonding with collagen. The interactions are found in the active domain region of Hypodermin proteins. The interacting residues were present in the active region of the hypodermin proteins thus validating the docking studies. This study may help in the drug development against hypodermosis with least side effects
ABSTRACT
To assess the awareness about the spread and control of tuberculosis as well as to investigate the gender and occupation wise differences among people regarding knowledge and attitude towards tuberculosis in the State of AJ and K. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in district Muzaffarabad and a sample of 4000 respondents was selected by using stratified random sampling technique. The stratification was done with respect to gender and occupation. The occupation wise classification includes households, labors, and shop keepers, government employers, under graduate students of social and natural sciences, medical students and doctors. A close ended structured questionnaire was developed to collect the data and data were analyzed by using SPSS [Statistical Package for Social Sciences]. Chi-Square test was used for association and Logistic Regression model was used to find out the most significant risk factors with gender. Majority of the males were more aware of tuberculosis than females regarding different aspects related to tuberculosis. The respondents from household, labors and shopkeepers have less awareness and knowledge than those who belong to other professions. The doctors and medical students have almost 100% awareness and knowledge of tuberculosis. It was examined that all the variables were associated with gender except threat, curable and transmissible. Only three variables mentioned above showed non- significant result, while all other variables were strongly associated with gender. Males were found more aware about TB than females. Moreover, the literate people were more conscious concerning the prevalence and threats of the disease