ABSTRACT
Aim: The present aim is to evaluate the anti-diabetic effect of aqueous extract of guava [Psidium guajava] leaf using rat model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin. In addition, the effect of this extract on liver and kidney functions induced in rat model of diabetes were investigated
Material and Methods: Rats were divided randomly into: control group, rat model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin, rat model of diabetes treated with aqueous extract of guava leaf, rat model of diabetes treated with glibenclamide and rat model of diabetes treated with aqueous extract of guava leaf plus glibenclamide
Result: In the present rat model of diabetes a significant decrease in the serum insulin level and a significant increase in glucose level were detected. Streptozotocin induced a significant increase in the activities of AST, ALT, ALP and a significant increase in the levels of bilirubin, urea, creatinine and uric acid. In addition histopathological and immunological changes were detected in the pancreatic tissue. The present data revealed that aqueous extract of guava leaf improved the reduced insulin level and the high glucose level induced by streptozotocin. This was associated with an improvement in the changes in the liver and kidney functions. Loss of body weight gain induced by streptozotocin was alleviated by guava leaf extract, glibenclamide or both
Conclusion: According to the present findings it could be concluded that the aqueous extract of guava leaf has a potent anti-hyperglycemic effect on rat model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin with hepatic and renal protective effects
ABSTRACT
Two agrochemicals, reldan insecticide and ammonium nitrate fertilizer affected the histopathological and ultrastructural of mice testicular tissue. Mice were divided into 13 groups, the first group served as a control group while the other groups treated with reldan or ammonium nitrate. For each of the agrochemicals used, the ½ LD50 [12 mg/kg b.wt. for reldan and 90 mg/kg b.wt. for ammonium nitrate] was given as a single dose to 3 groups of mice which were sacrificed after 5, 10 and 15 days post-treatment, and as repeated daily doses to other groups of mice for 5 and 10 days. Animals treated for 5 days were sacrificed 24 hrs after the last dose, while those treated for 10 days were sacrificed 24 hrs or 5 days after the last dose. The applied agrochemicals caused histopathological changes in the testes including, disorganization of the basal lamina and germinal epithelium, maturation arrest at various degrees of degenerated spermatocytes and spermatids in the testicular tissue. Ultrastructural examination showed marked alterations and degeneration of organelles in germ cells, Sertoli cells and Leydig cells
ABSTRACT
Coumarin compounds are used as dormant substances in agriculture. Physiologically, they are highly active; for example, act as inhibitor of growth of microorganisms. Moreover, coumarin is a maturally occurring substance most frequently used as a fragrance enhancer [in cosmetics, perfumes and soap] and stabilizer. In this study, chemical analysis of chicken tissues [brain, liver and kidney] as lipid constituents, cholesterol, liver, glycogen, glutathione, lipid per oxidase and protein electrophoresis [fractions] were tested after intermuscular [i.m.] injection with doses of 100mg/kg.b.wt. and 200mg/kg.b.wt. of coumarin for 10 days [every other day]. The present study revealed that coumarin at a dose of 100mg/kg.b.wt. Induced insignificant changes in the total lipid [T.L] of brain, liver and kidney tissues of broiler chicken. Otherwise, the high dose of coumarin [200 mg/ kg.b.wt.] caused a significant decrease in the T.L. of brain [P < 0.01] tissues, while insignificant change of kidney T.L. was recorded at a dose of 200 mg/kg.b.wt.. of coumarin. Also, insignificant changes of triglycerides [T.G.] and cholesterol [Chol.] content of brain, liver and kidney tissues of chicken group [G2] treated with coumarin [100mg/kg] were demonstrated. While, high dose [200 mg/kg coumarin] resulted in a significant decrease in the T.G. and Chol. of brain [P < 0.001 and P < 0.01 respectively] and liver [P < 0.001 and P < 0.001], the same dose showed insignificant changes of kidney T.G. an Chol. contents. Administration of coumarin [100mg/kg. G2] showed insignificant changes in glutathione content [GSH] of liver and kidney tissues, while significant decrease [P < 0.01] of brain GSH content was recorded compared with the control group. Besides, a dose of 100mg/kg. coumarin caused insignificant changes in lipid peroxides [TABrs] of brain and kidney tissues of chicken and significant increase [P < 0.001] of [TABrs] content of liver tissue. High dose of coumarin [200mg./kg. G3] showed significant increase of TABrs content of brain, liver, and kidney tissues [P < 0.01, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001 respectively] of broiler chicken compared with the control group. Both doses of administered coumarin [G2 and G3] caused significant decrease [P < 0.001] in the liver glycogen content. The present data revealed that coumarin caused qualitative and quantitative changes in tissues [brain, liver and kidney] protein fractionation pattern of chicken compared with that of controls. Sixteen bands were separated using polycrylamide gel electrophoresis [PAGE] - as protein fractions in both the control and coumarin treated groups. The changes [decrease or increase] in particular protein fractions may be related to the effect of xenobiotic [coumarin] on the specific genes encoding for these fractions. Thus, this work revealed that inspite of the benefit of coumarin substance; the xenobiotic effect and signs of intoxications were attained specially at high doses of treatment