ABSTRACT
Objectives:- The objective of the study was to document frequency of nonunion and avascular necrosis in fracture neck of femur [NOF] in the young adults, treated with cannulated screws
Methodology: It is a descriptive case series study, carried out at Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sheikh Zayed Hospital [PGMI] Lahore. Forty patients were included in this study, reported within two weeks of injury. All patients with Garden type I, II, III and IV fractures neck of femur, aged from 18 to 55 years, from May 2012 to November 2012 were included with the consent to undergo osteosynthesis with cannulated screws
Results: KOFU [Japan] hip scoring system was used to evaluate results. Total 34 fractures [85%] achieved radiological union on an average of 3 months. Out of these 34 patients, 11 patients were with Garden type I, 10 patients Garden type II, 8 patients with Garden type III and 5 patients with garden type IV fractures had union of fracture. Total 6 patients [15.0%] had complications. Out of these total 6 patients, 2 patients were Garden type III and 4 patients were Garden type IV. All these 6 patients [15%] had nonunion, and 2[5%] patients ended in avascular necrosis of head of femur also but in 4 patients head of femur remained viable. There was no case reported with implant loosening in our all treated cases
Conclusion: With cannulated screw fixation all garden type I and II fractures achieved union and garden type III fractures have minimal frequency of nonunion and garden type IV fractures have variable frequency of nonunion. So cannulated screw fixation is best method of treatment in fracture neck of femur in young adults
ABSTRACT
The influence of epidural analgesia on the length of labour remains a source of controversy in literature. To see the effect of epidural analgesia on the duration of active first stage and second stage of labour. Obstetric Department of CMH Kharian. From 1[st] January 2005 to 31[st] March 2006. One hundred pregnant full term, women were included in the study. Fifty primiparous reporting at full term, half were given epidural analgesia the other half were control. Another fifty multiparous reporting at full term, twenty five women were given epidural the other twenty five were control. The mean duration of active first stage of labour in primiparous women after 3-4 centimeter cervical dilatation was 5.10 hrs in the epidural group while it was 6.65 hrs in the control group [p less than 0.001]. In the multiparous women the mean duration of active first stage of labour after 3-4 centimeter cervical dilatation was 2.40 hrs in the epidural group while it was 3.43 hrs in the control group [p less than 0.001]. In the primiparous women the mean second stage was 23.76 minutes in the epidural group, and 37.33 minutes in the control group [p less than 0.001]. In the multiparous group, the mean second stage was 17.58 minutes in the epidural group, and 22.00 minutes in the control group [p less than 0.001]. Epidural analgesia decreases the duration of active first stage and second stage of labour