Inhibitory effect of gold nanoparticles conjugated with interferon gamma and methionine on breast cancer cell line

Objective: To develop a gold nanoparticles complex conjugated with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and methionine along with application of hyperthermia using near-infrared laser beams for the treatment of cancer cells. Methods: Gold nanorods (10 nm) were conjugated with IFN-γ and methionine using carbodiimide family and characterized after purification by dialysis bags. Breast cancer cells were cultured and incubated with gold nanorods at different concentrations followed by irradiation with near-infrared laser beam. Samples were then evaluated for their viability in order to determine the effect of treatment and variables by MTT assy. Results: Zetasizer results confirmed the conjugation of gold nanorods with methionine and IFN-γ. The median percentage of cell viability in 0.30 μg/mL concentration of gold nanorods was 82%. The cell viability reached to 85% at the same concentration of gold nanorods, which existed in the assayed complex. The results of MTT assay showed that the 0.60 μg/mL concentration of gold nanoparticles complex was toxic on tumor cells (P < 0.05). After exposure to hyperthermia, the viability of cells at 6 min decreased to 77% in 0.30 μg/mL concentration of gold nanorods complex. Conclusions: The size and concentration of gold nanorods was not cytotoxic. However, their presence during irradiation near-infrared laser increased the number of dead cells during the treatment of cells.

Synthesis and anti-intracellular Copper overload evaluation of Nanoconjugated D-penicillamine -Dendrimer in Wilson's model cells

Background and Objective: Wilson's disease [WD] is caused by mutation to the cooer-transporting gene ATP7B. Chelation therapy is the main protochol of treatment for patients with Wilson's disease. D-penicillamine is one of the well-known chelator agants which is used in WD treatment but it can not enter into the intracellular space.This study was done to evaluate the synthesis and anti-intracellular Copper overload evaluation of Nanoconjugated D-penicillamine -Dendrimer in Wilson's model cells

Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, initially 0.01 mm polyethylene glycol [PEG] and 0.0018 mm citric acid, Dendrimer was synthesized. After purification by dialysis bag and lyophilization, lOmg dendrimer was conjugated to 3.3mg D-penicillamine. Nanoconjugated D-penicillamine-dendrimer was injected on Wilson's model cells. After incubation and centrifugation intracellular measurement of copper concentration and FTIR test were done

Results: Copper accumulation significantly reduced in the HepG2 WD cell by Nanoconjugated D-penicillamine - Dendrimer in compared to D-penicillamine [P<0.05]. Copper accumulation was determined to be 46.61, MTT assay showed no toxicological damage in HepG2 WD cell

Conclusion: Nanoconjugated D-penicillamine -Dendrimer can reduces intracellular concentration of Copper

[One-step synthesis of anionic PEG-citrate G2 dendrimer and evaluation of its cytotoxicity in two cell lines]

Objective: Dendrimers are three-dimensional nanostructures that have numerous applications in medicine, including drug delivery and imaging. Although anionic dendrimer polyethylene glycol-citrate has a high potential to increase solubility of waterinsoluble drugs and drug delivery, its multi-step synthesis procedure is time consuming. In addition, toxic substances such as dichloromethane are used in its synthesis procedure. In this study, we have developed a simple one-step synthesis method using green chemistry

Methods: We examined four different methods to improve the synthesis method of this dendrimer. Products were characterized by FTIR, LC-MS and DLS. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the XTT method

Results: We synthesized a G2 polyethylene glycol-citrate dendrimer in one-step without purifying G1. This process was chosen as a beneficial method for synthesis of the G2 dendrimer. When compared with previous methods, this procedure had higher efficiency and greatly reduced response. This procedure used nontoxic materials. XTT assay results showed that this dendrimer created by green chemistry had no cytotoxicity in Hela and Vero cells up to a concentration of 800 microM

Conclusion: One-step synthesis of anionic polyethylene glycol-citrate G2 dendrimer is a simple, beneficial production method. The dendrimer is biocompatible and can be used as a suitable carrier for drug delivery purposes

Induction of strong and specific humoral and T-helper 1 cellular responses by HBsAg entrapped in the Methanobrevibacter smithii archaeosomes

Application of adjuvants with microbial origins is a recently highlighted approach in the vaccinology trials. Archaeosomes are among these microbial compounds with both adjuvant and liposomal activities and features. In the present study, recombinant HBsAg encapsulated into Methanobrevibacter smithii [M. smithii] archaeosomes. Balb/c mice immunized with this compound and humoral and cytokine secretion pattern of immunized models analyzed. Frequency of IFN-gamma secreting cells in the HBsAg-containing archaeosomes group was significantly higher than HBsAg and HBsAg+C/IFA groups [p

Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor compound 11B improves haloperidol-induced catatonia by enhancing the striatum dopaminergic neurotransmission

The aim of this research was to investigate the Cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2] selective inhibition effect on haloperidol-induced catatonia. In this study, the effect of orally, acutely and Sub-chronically administrations of compound 11b [1-[phenyl]-5-[4-methylsulfonylphenyl]-2-ethylthioimidazole] [2, 4 and 8 mg/kg], a newly selective COX-2 inhibitor, was investigated against the haloperidol-induced catatonia phenomenon comparing to the standard drug scopolamine [1 mg/Kg] followed by microdialysis analysis of Striatum dopaminergic neurotransmission. The results showed a great potency for compound 11b in improvement of catalepsy followed by enhancing the dopaminergic neurotransmission p < 0.05. In addition, our statistical analysis showed that the protective effect of compound 11b against haloperidol-induced catatonia was both dose- and time-dependent. These findings are additional pharmacological data that suggest the effectiveness of compound 11b in treatment of schizophrenic drug overdoses and also Parkinson's disease [PD] affiliated rigidity

Effect of dexamethasone on striatal neurotransmissions in the rats subjected to Parkinson's disease animal model

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dexamethasone on striatal dopaminergic, glutamatergic and gamma amino butyric acid [GABA] ergic neurotransmission in normal and parkinsonian rats. Dexamethasone [0.15, 0.30, 0.60 and 0.8 mg/kg] was administered to normal or parkinsonian rats [i.p.] followed by the analysis of the striatal neurotransmitters concentrations. Additionally, the effect of dexamethasone on the damaged Substantian nigra pars compata [SNc] neurons has been investigated. Dexamethasone resulted in decreased level of striatum glutamatergic-GABAergic and enhanced dopaminergic neurotransmission in normal and parkinsonian rats. In addition, acute treatment with dexamethasone did not improve the lesion at all. These findings suggest the new therapeutic mechanism of action for dexamethasone in Parkinson's disease animal model

Effect of compound 11 g as a novel selective cox-2 inhibitor on movement disorders in a rat model of parkinson's disease

To test the effect of selective COX-2 inhibitors compound 11g on movement disorders of Parkinson's disease [PD]. In the study the rat Left substantia nigra pars compacta [SNc] has been destroyed using electrical Lesion [10 Sec; 1 mA DC] to generate PD model. Then 11g [2, 4mg/kg] and celecoxib a well known and standard COX-2 inhibitor [4, 8mg/kg] have been administrated orally to parkinsonian rats. Then the rigidity and locomotor activity of parkinsonian rats were evaluated. Both selective COX-2 inhibitors decreased the rigidity and improved the locomotor activity of parkinsonian rats P>O.05 as compared to the control groups. Based on the results of the locomotor activity and rigidity tests using parkinsonian rats, we found that compound 11g had remarkable rigidity-improving effect

Evaluation of platelet-rich plasma in combination with deproteinized bovine bone mineral in the rabbit cranium; A pilot study

Reconstruction methods are an essential prerequisite for functional rehabilitation of the stomatognathic system. Platelet-rich plasma [PRP] offers a new and potentially useful adjunct to bone substitute materials [e.g. Xenografts] in oral and maxillofacial bone and implant reconstructive surgery. An animal study was carried out to investigate the influence of PRP on the regeneratio of non-critical sized bony defects, treated with Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral [DBBM]. Eight New Zealand white rabbits were included in this randomized, pilot study. Three equal cranial bone defects [3×6 mm] were created and immediately grafted with DBBM and PRP+DBBM; one of them was left unfilled to serve as a control. The defects were evaluated using histologic and histomorphometric analysis at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The histomorphometric findings showed a significant increase in bone area and trabecular maturity in experimental defects as compared to the control at 4, 8 and 12 week intervals. A significant increase in bone formation was seen with the addition of PRP to DBBM at 2, 4 and 8 week intervals. At 12 weeks, the level of bone formation was similar between the two groups. There was also a significant increase in the rate of biodegradation of the DBBM particles with the addition of PRP at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. No foreign body reaction and severe inflammation was seen in any of specimens. Within the limitations of this pilot study, it was concluded that the addition of PRP to Xenogenic bone substitute material in non-critical-sized defects of the rabbit cranium showed a histomorphometric increase in bone formation [until the 8th week of healing] and a greater amount of biomaterial degradation throughout the study period