ABSTRACT
Introduction: Prostate gland involved by a no. of benignand malignant diseases is a common cause of morbidity andmortality in the elderly men. The present study was an attemptto understand the histopathological spectrum of prostaticlesions in the specimens received by a tertiary care hospital.Material and Methods: 433 cases of prostatic specimensincluding TURP chips, TRUS guided biopsies and Prostaticspecimens received in the Department of Pathology,Government Medical College Srinagar were included in thepresent study. There were 344 needle biopsies and 82 TURPchips. All the specimens were fixed in 10% neutral bufferedformalin and thin sections were stained with Hematoxylinand Eosin stain (H&E stain). Relevant clinical data includingage, the presenting complaints and S.PSA values in suspectedcases of carcinoma prostate were recorded.Results: A total of 433 prostate specimens were receivedduring the period of three years. The specimens included 344TURP chips and 82 TRUS guided biopsies. 7 prostectomyspecimens were also included. The age of the patients variedfrom 42 years to 89 years. There were 380 benign cases and53 malignant cases. The most common presenting featurewas increased frequency of micturition followed by difficultyin starting and stopping the stream of urine. Among benignlesions the most frequent histopathological entity observedwas benign nodular hyperplasia. The most common age ofpresentation was the sixth to seventh decade of life. Almostall neoplasms of the prostate were prostatic adenocarcinomaswith most of the cases seen in the sixth to seventh decade oflife with another peak in the seventh to eight decade of life.Conclusion: A variety of benign and malignant lesions areseen in prostatic specimens. These need to be differentiatedand classified. Benign nodular hyperplasia is the mostcommon benign lesion and prostatic adenocarcinoma isthe most common malignant lesion of Prostate. Perineuralinvasion is a significant finding and guide. Serum PSA is auseful adjunct in cases where the values are higher.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Antimicrobial therapy is the mainstay for the treatment of Typhoid fever that shortens the clinical course of typhoid fever and reduces the risk of death. For decades, chloramphenicol has been highly effective against S. typhi, but multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of S. typhi (resistant to chloramphenicol, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, and ampicillin) has restricted its use in typhoid fever. Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of Azithromycin and Ofloxacin in children suffering from uncomplicated typhoid fever. Methods: Blood culture proven, uncomplicated typhoid fever patients admitted in the pediatric ward of J. N. Medical college, Aligarh were treated with ofloxacin orally (15mg/kg/24 hrs BD for 5 days) and azithromycin orally (10mg/kg/24 hrs OD on Day 1, then 5mg/kg OD for next 4 days). Patients were clinically and bacteriologically evaluated during the study period and follow-up. Results: 96.7 % cure rate was observed in azithromycin group. No relapse was recorded. Conclusion: Both Ofloxacin as well as azithromycin may be considered as an empirical therapy for the treatment of uncomplicated typhoid in children .
ABSTRACT
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) due to antibiotics is one of the major concern. Hypersensitivity reactions with clindamycin may be immediate or delayed type, but their frequency and severity are relatively rare. We here report a case of a 32-year-old male patient with road traffic accident, who later developed osteomyelitis of occipital bone. After two weeks of therapy and debridement, the patient was on maintenance therapy receiving clindamycin 300 mg q8h, ciprofloxacin 500 mg q12 h and rifampicin 450mg fasting. After six days, he developed erythematous maculopapular rashes, initially on the trunk followed by neck and arm of both upper limbs with limitation of movement, fever, chills and night sweats. The reaction subsided after withdrawal of clindamycin and administering i.v. hydrocortisone 100mg stat followed by tablet promethazine 25mg 12hourly for 3 days. The causality assessment was done as per WHO-UMC scale and it was “probable” in this case. Although the incidence of clindamycin induced drug reaction is rare, the clinicians should be aware of such reactions before prescribing it.