ABSTRACT
Background: Saurashtra is claimed to be ‘stone belt’, even though there is paucity of epidemiological work on this issue; keeping in mind about this problem that ails most parts of the Saurashtra region, which is correctable and preventable, this study was undertaken.Methods: Radiologically diagnosed 100 patients with renal stone were enrolled and interviewed through a proforma approved by institutional ethical committee to study risk factors, clinical scenario, and urinary findings. Urine samples were collected from all the participants of the study and analyzed for the presence of crystals, red blood cells, pus cells as well as urine pH. Data was analyzed with help of EpiInfo™ 7 (CDC Atlanta).Results: Prevalence of renal stone was higher in males (72%); common in age group of 21-35 years. Common findings were recurrent flank pain (81%), gross hematuria (59 %) and renal colic (51%). Familial history (p<0.004), improper water drinking habit (p<0.002), lack of diet modification (p<0.001) according to stone type and stone analysis were found probable causes for the recurrence of stone. Calcium oxalate (75%) stone being the commonest followed by calcium phosphate (15%) and uric acid (7%).Conclusions: Results from this study can be applied in the clinical setting with the goal of reducing the likelihood of stone formation. Preventive measures such as change in diet, drinking behavior when properly addressed can ameliorate the situation in many patients with kidney stone. There is a great scope and role in finding crystals in urine with patients of kidney stone such as checking their compliance, guiding dietary therapy when stone analysis in not available, setting up an screening criteria and diagnosis of renal stone in remote settings where radio-logical investigations are not available.
ABSTRACT
Background: Personality traits are stable factors which can aid in understanding patient health behaviour.The five-factor model of personality can serve as a theoretical background for exploration andunderstanding of health behaviours. Extant studies report the implication of domains of Neuroticism andConscientiousness in diabetes self-care behaviours. However, no study exists that take in to account a specificset of self-care behaviours in a chronic illness population and connect these to possible personality profiles.This paper presents an analysis of clustering of personality domains with relevant specific diabetes self-carebehaviours, relevant demographic factors and blood glucose related outcomes in adult patients.Methods: Self-report questionnaire data were collected from a sample of 295 patients of diabetes whichincluded two types of diabetes (Type1= 52; Type 2 = 243). Tools included a measure of patientinformation schedule, 60-items of NEO-FFI personality inventory and Summary of Diabetes Self-careActivities (SDSCA). Following simple linear correlation, regression analysis, clustering process wasinitiated via Two-Step Cluster Analysis which identified two clusters as an optimal solution. Unsupervisedk-means segmentation helped deduced two significantly different clusters of patients.Results: Two clusters were found to be significantly different with respect to four domains of personality:Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, three critical self-carebehaviours - following a general diet, following recommended diet of fruits and vegetables and performingexercise behaviour and two of the physiologic measures of blood glucose control – Fasting Blood Sugar(FBS) and Post Prandial post meal measure (PP).Conclusion: The results show personality traits tend to cluster. This indicates that specific traits can begrouped together. In addition, specific self-care behaviours were associated with these trait combinations.Irrespective of individual factors such as age, duration of illness and gender the obtained patient profileswere distinct to one another. These findings have significant meaning for future diabetes related healthprograms. Findings can help in development of tailor-made intervention programs with use of suchknowledge of trait clustering.
ABSTRACT
Background: Marital satisfaction is an important element for successful family life and personal growth.Various factors have significant effects on the marital satisfaction, like financial management, personalityissues, equalitarian roles, religious orientation, sexual relationship etc. In recent times there has been a risein divorce rates, couples living separately, couples dissatisfied with their marriage, etc. This could possiblybe because of individuals having different attachment styles entering into a relationship. Basic propositionof attachment theory is that internal models of attachment (starting right from infancy) remain relativelystable across the life span.Methods: We interviewed 50 consecutive consenting clinically stable patients with schizophrenia (BPRSscore < 31) and depressive episode (HDRS score < 08) following up in psychiatry OPD. MontrealCognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess cognition, Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) foranhedonia and WHOQOL-BREF for the quality of life in participants.Results: This study examined links between adult attachment style and marriage satisfaction in Indianadults. 24 participants (13 females and 11 males) aged 25-45 years (Mean = 35.35, SD = 6.01117),completed the Revised Adult Attachment Style (RAAS) (Collins,1996) and ENRICH Marital SatisfactionScale (EMS) (Fowers & Olson, 1993). All the participants were heterosexual and marriedConclusion:Results indicated that participants having Secure attachment style were more satisfied withtheir marriage than participants having Insecure (Fearful, Preoccupied, Dismissive) attachment style