ABSTRACT
Introduction: The ABO and Rh blood group systems are themost important blood group systems in Transfusion Medicine.This study was carried out with an objective to study thedistribution of ABO and Rh blood groups among voluntaryblood donors in Central Gujarat, India which is essential foreffective management of blood inventory.Material and Methods: The present retrospective studywas carried out at our blood centre. The data of presentstudy is from 01/06/2009 TO 31/12/2019. Total 398803voluntary blood donors were considered medically fit andaccepted for blood donation. ABO and Rh typing was doneby Manual Microplate Technique (June 2009 to August 2015)and automated blood group Immucor Galileo neo machine(September 2015 to December 2019) both forward and reverseblood grouping after validation at blood bank.Result: Out of 398803 blood donors B blood group was mostcommon(143408-35.96%) and the least blood group was ABBlood group (33631 – 8.43%). There were more Rh Positiveblood donors (372660 – 93.45%) as compared to Rh Negativeblood donors (26143 – 6.55%).Conclusion: The most common blood group among voluntarydonors was B positive and least common blood group was ABnegative.
ABSTRACT
Background. Information recorded in the ‘cause of death’ section of death certificates is an important source of mortality statistics. It is used for policy decisions, development of healthcare programmes and health research. Errors in death certificates can lead to inappropriate allocation of resources. Errors are universal and have been reported previously. We planned an educational intervention aimed at resident doctors from various specialties at our teaching hospital to improve the accuracy of the ‘cause of death’ section in death certificates. Methods. Three workshops, each of 90 minutes, were conducted for residents. A total of 198 death certificates (96 before and 102 after intervention) were audited. We compared the frequency of major and minor errors before and after the educational intervention. Results. Following the educational intervention, there was a significant decrease in major errors such as unacceptable underlying cause of death (39.6% v. 24.5%, p=0.034), reporting of mechanism without underlying cause of death (13.5% v. 1%, p=0.001) and improper sequencing of events (25% v. 6%, p=0.004). There was no significant decrease in minor errors such as absence of time intervals, use of abbreviations and reporting a mechanism with a legitimate cause. Conclusion. Both major and minor errors are common in death certification at teaching hospitals. Educational interventions can improve the accuracy of reporting in death certificates.
Subject(s)
Death Certificates , Hospitals, Teaching , Humans , Inservice Training , Internship and ResidencyABSTRACT
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is one of the serious public health problems in India. AIDS education has been considered as one of the main intervention for control. Sexual route is the major route of transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV); however, approximately 2.5% is transmitted through blood and blood products. The present study was carried out to know the level of awareness about HIV infection and blood donation among first time (190) and repeat (310) voluntary donors of all age groups. One pre-structured questionnaire was circulated among altruistic blood donors. About 96.6% donors want to become repeat donors. Majority of the donors had good knowledge about routes of HIV transmission. According to 97.4% donors, it is transmitted by sexual route, according to 87.4% of donors by sharing needle, according to 85% of donors by blood transfusion and 82.4% of donors believe through vertical transmission. However, 32.4% of the donors, still believe that HIV infection could be transmitted through blood donation. Intense motivational program among donors is needed to remove this myth. Regular donors were convinced the importance of regular and repeat blood donation. They came forward to donate blood for the cause of humanity (80.6%) and the sense of pride (27.79%). First time donors were less motivated by the cause of humanity (56.21%) and volunteered because of peer pressure (26.03%) and motivated by relative or friend. Donors were very alert about precaution to be taken for protecting themselves from danger of HIV infection and priority wise use of safe sexual practice (90%), disposable needles (61.43%) and receive tested blood (45.71%) whenever required. When in need of blood for relatives the donors will give priority to the quality (64.65%) and properly tested blood from voluntary blood donors (86.7%).