Antioxidant potential and alfa-glucosidase inhibitory activity of onion (Allium cepa L. ) peel and bulb extracts / Atividade antioxidante e potencial inibidor de alfa-glucosidase de extratos de casca e bulbo de cebola (Allium cepa) preparados por etanol e água

Allium cepa L. is a commonly consumed vegetable that belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family and contains nutrients and antioxidants in ample amounts. In spite of the valuable food applications of onion bulb, its peel and outer fleshy layers are generally regarded as waste and exploration of their nutritional and therapeutic potential is still in progress with a very slow progression rate. The present study was designed with the purpose of doing a comparative analysis of the antioxidant potential of two parts of Allium cepa, i.g., bulb (edible part) and outer fleshy layers and dry peels (inedible part). Moreover, the inhibitory effect of the onion bulb and peel extracts on rat intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase of porcine was also evaluated. The antioxidant potential of onion peel and bulb extracts were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), 2,2’-azino-bis- 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assay, H2O2 radical scavenging activity and Fe2+ chelating activity. Total flavonoids and phenolic content of ethanolic extract of onion peel were significantly greater as compared to that of onion bulb. Ethanolic extract of onion peel also presented better antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity as compared to the ethanolic extract of bulb, while the aqueous extract of bulb presented weakest antioxidative potential. Onion peel extract's α-glucosidase inhibition potential was also correlated with their phenolic and flavonoid contents. The current findings presented onion peel as a possible source of antioxidative agents and phenolic compounds that might be beneficial against development of various common chronic diseases that might have an association with oxidative stress. Besides, outer dry layers and fleshy peels of onion exhibited higher phenolic content and antioxidant activities, compared [...].

Allium cepa pertence à família Liliaceae e é rica em nutrientes e antioxidantes. Apesar das expressivas aplicações alimentares do bulbo da cebola, sua casca e outras camadas externas são geralmente consideradas resíduos, e seu potencial nutricional e terapêutico ainda é pouco explorado. O presente estudo foi delineado com o objetivo de investigar comparativamente o potencial antioxidante de duas partes de Allium cepa, por exemplo o bulbo (parte comestível) e camadas externas e cascas secas (parte não comestível). Além disso, o efeito inibitório dos extratos do bulbo de cebola e casca sobre a α-glucosidase intestinal de ratos e α-amilase pancreática suína também foi avaliado. O potencial antioxidante dos extratos da casca de cebola e bulbo foi avaliado utilizando-se 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH), método de poder antioxidante de redução do ferro (FRAP), método 2,2’-azino-bis-3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-ácido sulfônico (ABTS) de eliminação de radicais, atividade de eliminação de radicais H2O2 e atividade quelante do Fe2+. Os flavonoides totais e os teores fenólicos do extrato de etanol da casca de cebola foram significativamente maiores quando comparados ao do bulbo. O extrato de etanol da casca de cebola também apresentou melhor atividade antioxidante e eliminação de radicais livres quando comparado ao extrato de etanol do bulbo, enquanto o extrato aquoso de bulbo apresentou menor potencial antioxidante. O potencial de inibição da α-glicosidase dos extratos de casca de cebola correlacionou-se com seus teores fenólicos e de flavonoides. Os resultados encontrados identificaram que a casca de cebola é uma possível fonte de agentes antioxidantes e compostos fenólicos que podem ser benéficos contra o desenvolvimento de várias doenças crônicas que estão associadas ao estresse oxidativo. Além disso, as camadas externas secas e as cascas da cebola exibiram maior conteúdo fenólico e atividades [...].

Antioxidant potential and -glucosidase inhibitory activity of onion (Allium cepa L.) peel and bulb extracts

Abstract Allium cepa L. is a commonly consumed vegetable that belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family and contains nutrients and antioxidants in ample amounts. In spite of the valuable food applications of onion bulb, its peel and outer fleshy layers are generally regarded as waste and exploration of their nutritional and therapeutic potential is still in progress with a very slow progression rate. The present study was designed with the purpose of doing a comparative analysis of the antioxidant potential of two parts of Allium cepa, i.g., bulb (edible part) and outer fleshy layers and dry peels (inedible part). Moreover, the inhibitory effect of the onion bulb and peel extracts on rat intestinal -glucosidase and pancreatic -amylase of porcine was also evaluated. The antioxidant potential of onion peel and bulb extracts were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), 2,2-azino-bis- 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assay, H2O2 radical scavenging activity and Fe2+ chelating activity. Total flavonoids and phenolic content of ethanolic extract of onion peel were significantly greater as compared to that of onion bulb. Ethanolic extract of onion peel also presented better antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity as compared to the ethanolic extract of bulb, while the aqueous extract of bulb presented weakest antioxidative potential. Onion peel extracts -glucosidase inhibition potential was also correlated with their phenolic and flavonoid contents. The current findings presented onion peel as a possible source of antioxidative agents and phenolic compounds that might be beneficial against development of various common chronic diseases that might have an association with oxidative stress. Besides, outer dry layers and fleshy peels of onion exhibited higher phenolic content and antioxidant activities, compared to the inner bulb. The information obtained by the present study can be useful in promoting the use of vegetable parts other than the edible mesocarp for several future food applications, rather than these being wasted.

Resumo Allium cepa pertence à família Liliaceae e é rica em nutrientes e antioxidantes. Apesar das expressivas aplicações alimentares do bulbo da cebola, sua casca e outras camadas externas são geralmente consideradas resíduos, e seu potencial nutricional e terapêutico ainda é pouco explorado. O presente estudo foi delineado com o objetivo de investigar comparativamente o potencial antioxidante de duas partes de Allium cepa, por exemplo o bulbo (parte comestível) e camadas externas e cascas secas (parte não comestível). Além disso, o efeito inibitório dos extratos do bulbo de cebola e casca sobre a -glucosidase intestinal de ratos e -amilase pancreática suína também foi avaliado. O potencial antioxidante dos extratos da casca de cebola e bulbo foi avaliado utilizando-se 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH), método de poder antioxidante de redução do ferro (FRAP), método 2,2'-azino-bis-3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-ácido sulfônico (ABTS) de eliminação de radicais, atividade de eliminação de radicais H2O2 e atividade quelante do Fe2+. Os flavonoides totais e os teores fenólicos do extrato de etanol da casca de cebola foram significativamente maiores quando comparados ao do bulbo. O extrato de etanol da casca de cebola também apresentou melhor atividade antioxidante e eliminação de radicais livres quando comparado ao extrato de etanol do bulbo, enquanto o extrato aquoso de bulbo apresentou menor potencial antioxidante. O potencial de inibição da -glicosidase dos extratos de casca de cebola correlacionou-se com seus teores fenólicos e de flavonoides. Os resultados encontrados identificaram que a casca de cebola é uma possível fonte de agentes antioxidantes e compostos fenólicos que podem ser benéficos contra o desenvolvimento de várias doenças crônicas que estão associadas ao estresse oxidativo. Além disso, as camadas externas secas e as cascas da cebola exibiram maior conteúdo fenólico e atividades antioxidantes, em comparação com o bulbo interno. As informações obtidas pelo presente estudo podem promover o uso de outras partes vegetais além do mesocarpo comestível para futuras aplicações em alimentos, ao invés de serem desperdiçadas.

Antioxidant potential and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of onion (Allium cepa L. ) peel and bulb extracts / Atividade antioxidante e potencial inibidor de glucosidase de extratos de casca e bulbo de cebola (Allium cepa) preparados por etanol e água

Abstract Allium cepa L. is a commonly consumed vegetable that belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family and contains nutrients and antioxidants in ample amounts. In spite of the valuable food applications of onion bulb, its peel and outer fleshy layers are generally regarded as waste and exploration of their nutritional and therapeutic potential is still in progress with a very slow progression rate. The present study was designed with the purpose of doing a comparative analysis of the antioxidant potential of two parts of Allium cepa, i.g., bulb (edible part) and outer fleshy layers and dry peels (inedible part). Moreover, the inhibitory effect of the onion bulb and peel extracts on rat intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase of porcine was also evaluated. The antioxidant potential of onion peel and bulb extracts were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), 2,2'-azino-bis- 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assay, H2O2 radical scavenging activity and Fe2+ chelating activity. Total flavonoids and phenolic content of ethanolic extract of onion peel were significantly greater as compared to that of onion bulb. Ethanolic extract of onion peel also presented better antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity as compared to the ethanolic extract of bulb, while the aqueous extract of bulb presented weakest antioxidative potential. Onion peel extract's α-glucosidase inhibition potential was also correlated with their phenolic and flavonoid contents. The current findings presented onion peel as a possible source of antioxidative agents and phenolic compounds that might be beneficial against development of various common chronic diseases that might have an association with oxidative stress. Besides, outer dry layers and fleshy peels of onion exhibited higher phenolic content and antioxidant activities, compared to the inner bulb. The information obtained by the present study can be useful in promoting the use of vegetable parts other than the edible mesocarp for several future food applications, rather than these being wasted.

Resumo Allium cepa pertence à família Liliaceae e é rica em nutrientes e antioxidantes. Apesar das expressivas aplicações alimentares do bulbo da cebola, sua casca e outras camadas externas são geralmente consideradas resíduos, e seu potencial nutricional e terapêutico ainda é pouco explorado. O presente estudo foi delineado com o objetivo de investigar comparativamente o potencial antioxidante de duas partes de Allium cepa, por exemplo o bulbo (parte comestível) e camadas externas e cascas secas (parte não comestível). Além disso, o efeito inibitório dos extratos do bulbo de cebola e casca sobre a α-glucosidase intestinal de ratos e α-amilase pancreática suína também foi avaliado. O potencial antioxidante dos extratos da casca de cebola e bulbo foi avaliado utilizando-se 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH), método de poder antioxidante de redução do ferro (FRAP), método 2,2'-azino-bis-3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-ácido sulfônico (ABTS) de eliminação de radicais, atividade de eliminação de radicais H2O2 e atividade quelante do Fe2+. Os flavonoides totais e os teores fenólicos do extrato de etanol da casca de cebola foram significativamente maiores quando comparados ao do bulbo. O extrato de etanol da casca de cebola também apresentou melhor atividade antioxidante e eliminação de radicais livres quando comparado ao extrato de etanol do bulbo, enquanto o extrato aquoso de bulbo apresentou menor potencial antioxidante. O potencial de inibição da α-glicosidase dos extratos de casca de cebola correlacionou-se com seus teores fenólicos e de flavonoides. Os resultados encontrados identificaram que a casca de cebola é uma possível fonte de agentes antioxidantes e compostos fenólicos que podem ser benéficos contra o desenvolvimento de várias doenças crônicas que estão associadas ao estresse oxidativo. Além disso, as camadas externas secas e as cascas da cebola exibiram maior conteúdo fenólico e atividades antioxidantes, em comparação com o bulbo interno. As informações obtidas pelo presente estudo podem promover o uso de outras partes vegetais além do mesocarpo comestível para futuras aplicações em alimentos, ao invés de serem desperdiçadas.

A Prospective Observational Study To Evaluate TOPS Score As An Outcome Predictor In Extramural Referred Neonates Admitted At A Tertiary Care Center

Background:The neonatal period is the most vulnerable time for a child's survival. As survival perspective of extramural neonates significantly relies on the state of neonate at admission, various survival scores like CRIB, SNAP, MINT, TRIPS, TOPS etc. are designed to prognosticate the outcome of neonate at admission. This study was de signed to delineate correlation of TOPS score with outcome of referred neonates.Aims And Objectives:To recognise correlation of TOPS score with outcomes of extramural neonates. Material And Methods:It was prospective observational study conducted from September 2019 to February 2020 at nicu of tertiary care hospital. Clinico-demographic characteristics and TOPS score were documented in a pre-designed proforma. Hypothermia, Hypoxia, prolonged CRT and Hypoglycemia were defined as<36.5C, <90%, ?3 secs and <40mg/dl respectively. Each parameter was assigned a score of ‘1’ if abnormal and ‘0’ if normal. Neonates were treated as per standard protocol and their outcome was recorded as survive d or expired. Result:Out of 239 neonates 140 (58.6%) were males and 99 (41.5%) were females. The area under the ROC curve (AUROC) for TOPS Total predicting Outcome: Expired vs Outcome: Survived was 0.932. At a cut-off of TOPS Total ?2, it predicts Outcome: Expired with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of*The relative risk (95% CI) for Outcome: Expired when TOPS Total is ?2 was 25.68.Hypothermia (Chi-squared test, ?2 = 38.462, p = <0.001), hypoxia (Fisher's exact test, ?2 = 122.636, p = <0.001), poorperfusion (shock) (Fisher's exact test, ?2 = 103.563, p = <0.001) are found to be significantly associated with poor outcome. Conclusion:TOPS score is an easy, reliable and applicable tool for outcome prediction of transported neonates.

Study Of Risk Factors Associated With Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection In Children At Tertiary Care Centre (6 Months- 60 Months)

Background:Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries. The present study is an attempt to understand the various risk factors associated with acute LRTI; using these observations strategies can be implemented to reduce the burden of the disease.Objectives(1) To determine association of risk factors like socio-demographic, environmental, Natal and Nutritional with acute LRTI (2) To categorize the studied risk factors as Definite, Probable and Possible factors.Material & Methodology:Study was conducted at tertiary care hospital over one year. Children of age between 6 months to 60 months admitted in pediatric wards with acute LRTI were included and those who had chronic illness were excluded. It is questioner based observational crosssectional study. Detailed history of exposure to various risk factors were taken on the basis of predesigned Proforma. Data was analyzed as per standard statistical method and significance was noted. Result:Total 241 children were enrolled and total 20 risk factors were studied; divided into sociodemographic, environmental, perinatal and nutritional headings. We found exposure to biomass fuel, passive smoking, and lack of exclusive breastfeeding, LBW and malnutrition as definitive risk factor as their association with LRTI was significant (p < 0.05). We observed and categorized other factors into possible and probable category as per the occurrence. Conclusion:We have categorized the risk factors as: Definite, Possible and Probable. Since these risk factors are potentially preventable, health policies targeted at reducing their prevalence provide a basis for decreasing the burden of LRTI in children.

Bacterial isolates from the Pediatric patients and its correlation with microbiological flora in tertiary care hospital

Background: Infection is a health hazard of great expense and significance affecting the final outcome of treatment. Hospital indoor air contains a diverse range of microbial population. Objective: To study microbiological organism and their antibiotic sensitivity isolated from patients’ blood culture and to correlate this micro-organism with pattern of microbiological flora in tertiary care hospital. Materials and methods: All the patients who fulfilled study criteria were subjected for blood culture analysis and prospectively observed for clinical conditions and there outcome. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for all blood culture isolates. Case fatality study was a comparison between deaths in blood culture positive patients with reference to resistance to first line antibiotics. A comparison was made between the type of organism found in cultures of samples taken from patients and the type of organism obtained from sites near the patients during the same time interval. Results: out of 3144 sample sent for blood culture, 888 (28.2%) samples came out to be positive. most isolates of klebseilla, Acinobacter, and E. coli were resistant to ampicillin (97 to 98%), gentamycin (70 to 80%) and cephalosporins (65% to 100%). Most of the gram negative isolates were sensitive to levofloxacin and Piperacillin-tazobactam. Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to Parikh YN, Kharadi J, Nain N, Kalathiya M, Shah Z. Bacterial isolates from the Pediatric patients and its correlation with microbiological flora in tertiary care hospital. IAIM, 2017; 4(1): 78-84. Page 79 ampicillin (90.4%). Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive with vancomycin by 98.6%. Case fatality due to gram –ve organisms were 19.45%. Gram –ve bacteria were dominating pathogens in both prefumigation samples from various sites of ICU and wards and blood culture sample from patients admitted in ICU and wards i.e. 32 (72.7%) and 815 (91.8%) respectively. It sets up a correlation between source of infection and sepsis in patients admitted to ICU and wards. Conclusion: Most organism (gram positive and gram negative) were resistant to first line antibiotics such as ampicillin, gentamycin, cephalosporins. Antibiotic combination with piperacillintazobactam or levofloxacin had better sensitivity among all gram negative organisms. Gram positive organisms were susceptible to vancomycin. Most deaths occur in patients infected with first line antibiotic resistant strains. Strong association found between source of bacterial infection and culture sample positivity.

Clinical Profile and Outcome of Acute Poisoning in Children Less than 12 years of Age

Background: Poisoning among children is one of the common medical emergencies encountered in Pediatric practice. Rapid industrialization and exposure to harmful chemicals, introduction of newer range of drugs have widened the spectrum of toxic products to which children are exposed. Objectives: To study clinical course, hospital stay and recovery in childhood poisonings, to assess clinical recovery in correlation with hematological, biochemical and radiological changes, to study various complications and mortality in childhood poisoning. Materials and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted and all patients of childhood poisoning under the age of 12 years and meeting the selection criteria admitted in the tertiary health care center in Saurashtra region were included. Results: Maximum incidence of childhood poisoning was between 1-5 years of age (63%) and 56 % were males. Commonest route of exposure was ingestion (53 %) followed by percutaneous route (38%). Among the poisoning agents, envenomation (39%) and kerosene (24%) were the most common. Vomiting (39%) was the predominant clinical feature. Respiratory failure (22%) and pneumonia (22%) were the most common complications. 3 % needed ventilator care. In the present study, the case fatality was 3%. Conclusion: The trends for childhood poisoning noted at our center were different from previous hospital-based studies in two important ways such as in the nature of the poisoning agents used and the higher incidence of accidental poisoning.

Mutation pattern of K-ras gene in colorectal cancer patients of Kashmir: A report.

Background and Aim: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading malignancies worldwide. CRC has been reported to show geographical variation in its incidence, even within areas of ethnic homogeneity. The aim of this study is to identify K-ras gene mutations in CRC patients among the Kashmiri population, and to assess whether they are linked with the clinicopathological parameters. Materials and Methods: Paired tumor and normal tissue samples were collected from a consecutive series of 53 patients undergoing resective surgery for CRC. In addition blood was also collected from all the cases for ruling out germline mutation. Results: Colorectal patients, 22.64% (12 of 53), presented with mutations in K-ras constituting 13 missense mutations out of which 11 were G→A transition, one G→C transversion, and one G→T transversion. 61.5% percent of the mutations occurred in codon 12 and 38.5% in codon 13. One tumor contained missense mutations in both codons. K-ras mutations were significantly associated with advanced Dukes' stage (P < 0.05) and positive lymph node status (P < 0.05). Moreover Codon 12 K-ras mutations were associated with mucinous histotype (P < 0.05). Comparison of the mutation profile with other high-risk areas reflected both mucinous histotype differences and similarities indicating coexposure to a unique set of risk factors. Conclusion: Mutation of the K-ras gene is one of the commonest genetic changes in the development of human CRC, but it occurs in a rather low frequency in Kashmiri population.

An intragastric trichobezoar: computerised tomographic appearance.

A 26-year-old lady presented with a history of abdominal pain and distension since two months. The ultrasound examination showed an epigastric mass, which was delineated as a filling defect in the stomach on barium studies. The computerised tomographic scan showed a gastric mass with pockets of air in it, without post-contrast enhancement. This case highlights the characteristic appearance on computerised tomography of a bezoar within the stomach, a feature that is not commonly described in medical literature.