Direct carotid cavernous sinus fistula in a 14 years old Malay boy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

A fourteen years old Malay boy was involved in a motor vehicle accident and suffered multiple injuries. The patient was referred to ophthalmology for right periorbital haematoma, ocular examination was normal but proptosis of right eye was detected which was later associated with increase in the intraocular pressure (IOP). Direct carotid cavernous sinus fistula (CCF) was diagnosed by angiography and treated with embolization.

Trichilemmal cyst in the eyelid:a rare presentation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

A 42-year-old Malay lady presented with a 2-year history of painless and progressive right upper lid swelling. There was no history of trauma or similar lesion elsewhere. An excisional biopsy of the mass was performed and the histopathological findings of the excised lesion were consistent with those for a trichilemmal cyst. Trichilemmal cyst, although rare should be considered in any case of eye lid lesion.

Successful combined treatment in vernal shield ulcer / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

A 21-year-old and an 11-year-old patients presented with severe,resistant shield ulcers failed to respond to medical treatments which included topical steroids,mast cell stabilizers and antihistamines. Both of them were treated with surgical debridement of the ulcer,supratarsal injection of triamcinolone acetonide,topical cyclosporine 0.5g/L and ketotifen fumerate 0.25g/L. The ulcers healed well after three weeks. Topical cyclosporine was discontinued after two months in both patients. They were symptom free with no recurrence for six months. Combination of surgical debridement of the ulcer,supratarsal injection of triamcinolone acetonide,topical cyclosporine 0.5g/L and ketotifen fumerate 0.25g/L are effective as the treatment option in managing patients with severe vernal shield ulcer.KEYWORDS: vernal shield ulcer; surgical debridement; supratarsal injection of triamcinolone acetonide; cyclosporine; ketotifen fumerate