ABSTRACT
Incidences of male factor sub-fertility on the basis of semen analysis have been reported. 275 semen samples were analyzed using standard laboratory techniques as per WHO laboratory manual. Of the total test samples, 158 were found normal and 117 were graded as abnormal. This shows a male factor subfertility of 42.55%. Among the 117 semen samples, highest incidence of cases was due to azoospermia [24.78%] and lowest with oligoteratozoospermia [3.40%]. Cases having oligoteratoasthenozoospermia were 17.18%. On analyzing the data, 15% of normal and 18.8% abnormal semen were found infected. This shows that infection does not play any significant role in changing the quality of the semen. The increase in the abnormality of the semen [i.e. 42.55%] is an alarming condition which could lead to male factor infertility
ABSTRACT
This study included 184 azoospermic men who visited Baqai Institute of Reproduction and Developmental Sciences [BIRDS] during a period of 20 months [October 1997 to July 1999]. Sperms were retrieved in 65 men by Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration [PESA] and in 28 men by Testicular Sperm Excision [TESE]. Motile sperms were obtained in 42 men by PESA [65%] whereas in 9 men by TESE [32%]. Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection [ICSI] was used in 28 cases where sperms were obtained by PESA. 252 oocytes were injected by ICSI and fertilization was noted to be 67.5%. Sperms obtained through TESE were used in 25 cases ofICSI. 289 oocytes were injected and fertilization was 61.6%. Patients were selected after full investigation and counseling. Patients having high serum FSH level and atrophied testis were not included in the study. Four pregnancies were obtained in PESA cases [14.2%] and 6 pregnancies in TESE cases [24%]
Thus confirming an azoospermic man can become a father of a child
ABSTRACT
To find out the effect of various degrees of maternal hyperglycemia on fetal outcome. Comparative study. Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Liaquat National Hospital Karachi, from August 2007 to August 2009. The preponderance of maternal obesity, increasing maternal age and multiparity had strong association with the development of diabetes. In cases of unplanned pregnancies, the prepregnancy blood sugar levels are usually not known, therefore type II diabetes mellitus [DM] some times 1st diagnosed during pregnancy. GCT, Maternal hyperglycemia, Fetal outcome. Healthy pregnant women with no co-morbids attending antenatal clinic were subjected to glucose challenge test [GCT] with 50 gm load of glucose in their 2nd trimester of pregnancy regardless of previous meal. Patients with established type II diabetes mellitus and pregnancies with medical disorders were excluded from study. Patient data was collected on predesigned performa and analyzed on SPSS 15 version. A total of 228 antenatal women enrolled in the study. Higher rate of cesarean section were noted among women with gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM-68%] as compared to 45.2% and 46.8% [p 0.009] with mild gestational hyperglycemia [MGH] and control groups. Normal babies in GDM were 44% [p<0.001] while neonatal intensive care unit [NICU] admissions were significantly higher in GDM babies [54.7% p<0.001], as compared to other two groups. Rate of premature births in GDM mothers was higher than MGH and control. Gestational age of babies at birth for GDM was 36.4 +/- 2.1 weeks as compared to MGH [38.1 +/- 1.2 weeks] and control groups [37.8 +/- 1.9 weeks]. The preponderance of maternal obesity, increasing maternal age and multiparity had strong association with the development of diabetes. In cases of unplanned pregnancies, the prepregnancy blood sugar levels are usually not known, therefore type II diabetes mellitus [DM] some times 1st diagnosed during pregnancy