ABSTRACT
Objective: to find out causes of heart failure in patients who presented for echocardiography in PIMS Islamabad
Material and Methods: this observational study was carried out in 100 consecutive patients with history of dyspnea and abnormal echocardiography who reported to the Cardiology Department, PIMS, and Islamabad
Results: out of 100 patients, 43 were male and 57 were female. Fifty one percent patients were above the age of 50 years and only 21 % were under 30 years of age. Hypertension was present in 51 % patients while 22% had diabetes mellitus. Coronary artery disease was present in 26% cases and was the commonest cause of systolic dysfunction
Conclusion: diastolic dysfunction was the leading cause of heart failure followed by myocardial infarction and rheumatic heart disease
ABSTRACT
This paper describes the extent of bone marrow involvement in 41 untreated cases of' non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [NHL] diagnosed lymphnode biopsy. The results indicate that 30 cases [73.2%] had bone marrow involvement at presentation as seen in marrow trephine biopsy specimens. The figure for positive infiltration in the aspiration specimens was less [39.1%]. Cases with a low grade NHL, especially small lymphocytic lymphoma were shown to have maximum rate of marrow infiltration [81.2%]. The incidence of marrow involvement in intermediate grade lymphomas was 66.6%. The commonest pattern of marrow involvement was a diffuse involvement [46.3%]