Assessment of measles immunization in children 1-2 year age in district Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

To determine vaccination coverage against measles and the factors predicting it. Cross sectional, Analytic. This study was conducted at Peshawar District Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan and the duration was 1[st] June 2014 to 20[th] June 2014. The study was carried on sample of 210 children in District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The district was first divided into clusters of 105. Out of these 21 clusters were randomly selected. Sample of 10 children aged 1-2 were randomly taken from each cluster. Cluster sampling technique was used and the data was collected by face to face interview using structured Questionnaire as tool. Overall vaccination coverage was 57.6% with a male to female ratio of 50.4% and 49.6% respectively. Mother's Education with vaccination status of Children suggests a strong relationship. Mothers with no education [illiterate] vaccinated 36.3% and mother with education [Literate] vaccinated 82.5% of their children. The Chi-square test is significant [X[2] =45.605; p-value .000]. Parents Education, Household Income and knowledge of mothers about measles vaccination age were found important predicting factors for vaccination status of children

Serum prolactin as indicator of epilepsy

Serum prolactin concentrations, baseline values and value within 15-20 minutes after the fit were compared between 23 epileptics, [with generalized tonic-clonic seizure], 18 hysterics and 17 patients who were given .unilateral electro convulsive therapy [E.C.T]. Serum prolactin concentrations were considerably raised in epileptics and in patients who were given E.C.T. However, no change was seen in patients of hysteria. We believe that determination of serum prolactin may be a reliable indicator of epilepsy with tonic-clonic seizure

psychotropic drugs abuse among male students of Lahore

Drug abuse was studied among 2,170 students from various institutions of Lahore: 860 from Medical Colleges, 600 from Law Colleges and 710 from Punjab University. There was a high prevalence of the use of tranquilizers than that of hypnotic. The percentage of abusers in the Medical Colleges [17.3%] is greater than in Law College [8.10%] or University [9.1%]. The source of knowledge about the drugs among the abusers was mainly through their friends and medical prescriptions. The students of the Medical College had more friends using mood modifying drugs [52.3%] as compared to 14.8% in Law Colleges and 32.2% among University Students

Diagnosis of diabetic autonomic neuropathy

In order to diagnose autonomic neuropathy in diabetics, a battery of simple non-invasive tests based on cardio-vascular reflexes was performed One hundred diabetics [50 on oral hypoglycaemics and 50 on insulin], aged between 30.and 60 years, and 50 age- matched controls were studied. The frequency of abnormal test values, reflecting para-sympathetic nerve function i.e. Valsalva response [42%], heart variation [28%], 30:15 ratio [33%], was greater than that of the tests reflecting sympathetic nerve damage i.e. blood pressure response to standing [15%], blood pressure response to sustained hand grip [17%]. The frequency of abnormal autonomic function test values was greater in the diabetic group on insulin [mean duration of diabetes 10.82 +/- 3.09 years] as compared to the diabetic group on oral therapy [mean duration of diabetes 7.64 +/- 3.95 years] proving diabetic autonomic neuropathy increases in frequency with the duration of disease. The findings of the present study suggest that the battery of tests, applied together, can provide an objective guide to presence or absence of autonomic nerve damage

Comparison of peak expiratory flow rate and forced expiratory volume in 1st second in male smokers and non-smokers

Pulmonary function tests i.e., peak expiratory flow rate [PEFR] and forced expiratory volume in first second [FEV1] were performed on 90 age matched smokers and 121 non smokers. In all age groups, PEFR values were significantly lower in smokers, as compared to non-smokers, except in the age group of 20-29 years. FEV values showed a significant difference in smokers and non-smokers after the age of 40 years Values of PEFR and FEV1 were lowest in the heavy smoking group. Decline in PEFR and FEV1 values, with the so, in age, was more rapid in smokers as compared to the control group, representing considerable obstruction the airways of smokers

Serum cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in children of various socio-economic groups

Serum Cholesterol, Serum High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol [HDLC], HDLC/Cholesterol ratio and Body Mass Index were studied in 200 randomly selected children aged 5 to 15 years and belonging to various socio-economic back ground. There was little or no difference between the lipd Ts of various income group. Serum Cholesterol, Serum High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol [HDLC] and weight were positively correlated with the age. Boys and girls attained their adu1tvalues be age of 13 years and above. Age related increase in serum cholesterol level was more rapid than corresponding increase in HDLC level