ABSTRACT
There has been a rapid advancement in cardiac surgery and anesthesia recently. The burden of cardiothoracic disease in south East Asia especially in Pakistan is on the rise. To meet the challenges of future, the present day cardiologist, cardiothoracic surgeons and cardiothoracic anesthesiologists should be equipped with knowledge and expertise to train work force for future capable to treat the burden of cardiothoracic diseases. The future of cardiothoracic surgery and anesthesia is dependent on the advancements made in recent years in this specialty. It is time that the cardiothoracic anesthesiologists of the country embrace technologies such as transesophageal echocardiography and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation so that they can help in providing safe anesthesia and post-operative care for complex cardiothoracic operations