ABSTRACT
Background and objective: Death of an infant in utero or at birth has always been a devastating experience for the mother and of concern in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, probable risk factors and association of stillbirth with different maternal variables in Erbil Maternity Teaching Hospital
Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to determine the prevalence of stillbirth and a case control design was used to determine the probable risk factors and demographic characteristics of women with stillbirth in Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil city, Kurdistan region, Iraq, from April 1[st], to December 31[st], 2011.Three hundred seventy nine women having stillbirth were regarded as cases while 758 women delivering alive newborns were regarded as control group
Results: The prevalence of stillbirth during the period of the study was 20.4 per1000 total births. Macerated stillbirth was about four times higher than the fresh stillbirth. There were statistically significant differences between the cases and controls in relation to: maternal age [>/= 35 years], level of education, history of antenatal care visits, parity, medical diseases of the mother, congenital anomalies of the newborn, and history of previous stillbirth. In 65.4% of cases the probable cause of death was unexplained
Conclusion: The prevalence of stillbirth in the Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil is high in comparison to the rate in other countries. This could be due to high level of deliveries per day and lack of good follow up of patients during labour
ABSTRACT
The most common manifestation of pelvic floor dysfunction is urinary incontinence [UI] which affects 15-50% of adult women depending on the age and risk factors of the population studied. The aim of this study was to determine the probable risk factors associated with UI; the characteristics of women with UI; describe the types of UI, and determine its prevalence. A cross-sectional study was conducted between February and August 2011, in the Maternity Teaching Hospital of the Erbil Governorate, Kurdistan Region, northern Iraq. It included 1,107 women who were accompanying patients admitted to the hospital. A questionnaire designed by the researchers was used for data collection. A chi-square test was used to test the significance of the association between UI and different risk factors. Binary logistic regression was used, considering UI as the dependent variable. The overall prevalence of UI was 51.7%. The prevalence of stress, urgency, and mixed UI was 5.4%, 13.3% and 33%, respectively. There was a significant positive association between UI and menopause, multiparity, diabetes mellitus [DM], chronic cough, constipation, and a history of gynaecological surgery, while a significant negative association was detected between UI and a history of delivery by both vaginal delivery and Caesarean section. A high prevalence of UI was detected in the studied sample, and the most probable risk factors were multiparity, menopausal status, constipation, chronic cough, and DM