ABSTRACT
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ABSTRACT
Statement of the Problem: Temporomandibular joint disorders [TMD] may show a poor correlation between their clinical findings and radiological characteristics
Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the osseous alterations of temporomandibular joint [TMJ] in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects by employing cone beam computed tomography [CBCT] images
Materials and Method: In this study, CBCT images of 120 temporomandibular joints in 30 patients with TMJ disorder and 30 age- and sex-matched individuals without TMJ complaints were evaluated. Osteoarticular derangements of the joint were assessed by two experienced examiners. Data was statistically analyzed with SPSS software using chi-square test [p <0.05]
Results: Out of 120 CBCT images [60 in each group], at least one osseous change was observed in 90% and 86.7% joints in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects, respectively. There were no significant differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects regarding frequency of osteoarticular changes including flattening [73.3% vs. 75%], irregularity [36.7% vs. 48.3%], sclerosis [20% vs. 8.3%], cyst [3.3% vs. 3.3%], erosion [13.3% vs. 21.7%], hypoplasia [3.3% vs. 5%], ankylosis [1.7% vs. Zero], osteophyte [43.3% vs. 40%], decrease joint space [3.3% vs. 3.3%], and increase joint space [5% vs. 5%]. [p> 0.05]
Conclusion: By employing CBCT as a modern diagnostic imaging tool, findings of this study revealed that the frequency of various temporomandibular joint alterations on CBCT images is comparable in patients with and without TMD complaints, suggesting that some people with TMJ structural damage may not display clinical manifestations. Moreover, CBCT imaging might not be necessary for TMD patients and more attention should be given to clinical examination
ABSTRACT
The early computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing [CAD/CAM] systems were relied exclusively on subtractive methods. In recent years, additive methods by employing rapid prototyping [RP] have progressed rapidly in various fields of dentistry as they have the potential to overcome known drawbacks of subtractive techniques such as fit problems. RP techniques have been exploited to build complex 3D models in medicine since the 1990s. RP has recently proposed successful applications in various dental fields, such as fabrication of implant surgical guides, frameworks for fixed and removable partial dentures, wax patterns for the dental prosthesis, zirconia prosthesis and molds for metal castings, and maxillofacial prosthesis and finally, complete dentures. This paper aimed to offer a comprehensive literature review of various RP methods, particularly in dentistry, that are expected to bring many improvements to the field. A search was made through MEDLINE database and Google scholar search engine. The keywords; 'rapid prototyping' and 'dentistry' were searched in title/abstract of publications; limited to 2003 to 2013, concerning past decade. The inclusion criterion was the technical researches that predominately included laboratory procedures. The exclusion criterion was meticulous clinical and excessive technical procedures. A total of 106 articles were retrieved, recited by authors and only 50 met the specified inclusion criteria for this review. Selected articles had used rapid prototyping techniques in various fields in dentistry through different techniques. This review depicted the different laboratory procedures employed in this method and confirmed that RP technique have been substantially feasible in dentistry. With advancement in various RP systems, it is possible to benefit from this technique in different dental practices, particularly in implementing dental prostheses for different applications
ABSTRACT
Statement of the Problem: Cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis are major health dilemmas. Osteoporotic patients frequently display vascular calcification that consequently increases the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relation of osteoporosis, vascular calcification [atheroma, intima-media thickness [IMT]] and elongated styloid process [ESP] in a sample of osteoporotic and normal female individuals
Materials and Method: This study recruited 78 women who were assessed for bone mass density [BMD]. Sample included individuals with normal BMD [n=13, 17%], osteopenia [n=36, 46%], and osteoporosis [n=29, 37%]. The presence of atheroma and IMT was examined using color Doppler ultrasonography [CD-US]. In addition, digital panoramic radiographs [PRs] were obtained to assess ESP
Results: In this study, 55 subjects [70%] with low BMD exhibited at least one side ESP. Femoral BMD decreased significantly in subjects with ESP [p= 0.03]. Bilateral ESP was correlated with the presence of atheroma [p= 0.029]. The CIMT was greater in patients with ESP, although the relation was not significant
Conclusion: The obtained data suggest referring the aged individuals with ESP for BMD assessment and individuals with low bone mass and ESP for more cardiovascular risk assessment
ABSTRACT
Statement of the Problem: Prediction of child cooperation level in dental setting is an important issue for a dentist to select the proper behavior management method. Many psychological studies have emphasized the effect of birth order on patient behavior and personality; however, only a few researches evaluated the effect of birth order on child's behavior in dental setting
Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the influence of children ordinal position on their behavior in dental setting
Materials and Method: A total of 158 children with at least one primary mandibular molar needing class I restoration were selected. Children were classified based on the ordinal position; first, middle, or last child as well as single child. A blinded examiner recorded the pain perception of children during injection based on Visual Analogue Scale [VAS] and Sound, Eye and Movement [SEM] scale. To assess the child's anxiety, the questionnaire known as "Dental Subscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule" [CFSS-DS] was employed
Results: The results showed that single children were significantly less cooperative and more anxious than the other children [p<0.001]. The middle children were significantly more cooperative in comparison with the other child's position [p< 0.001]
Conclusion: Single child may behave less cooperatively in dental setting. The order of child birth must also be considered in prediction of child's behavior for behavioral management