ABSTRACT
Background: The human adrenal cortex shows a distinct proportion of three zones, named zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculate & zona reticularis, from outer inwards, in its histological appearance with differences in its cellular components and functions. Objective: The aim of the present study was to see the variation in the proportion of zones of the adrenal cortex in different age-group in a Bangladeshi population. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from July 2008 to June 2009, based on collection of 140 post mortem human adrenal glands from 70 unclaimed dead bodies which were in the morgue under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into four age-groups including A (11-20 years), B (21-30 years), C (31-40 years) & D (41-60 years). Histological slides were prepared by using routine haematoxylin and eosin stain (H & E). Five best prepared slides from each group were examined under light compound microscope with low magnification. The thickness of different layers adrenal cortex were measured by using ocular and stage micrometer and then converted into percentage volume. Results: The mean volume of the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the right adrenal cortex were found 14.16±0.79%, 78.40±1.14%, 7.44±0.52% in group A; 14.58±0.38%, 78.00±0.71%, 7.42±0.38% in group B; 14.34±0.83%, 78.56±0.52%, 7.30±0.50% in group C; 14.08±1.23%, 78.80±1.10%, 7.10±0.22% in group D respectively. The mean volume of the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the left adrenal cortex were found 14.66±0.34%, 78.84±0.82%, 7.72±0.48% in group A; 14.62±0.30%, 78.54±0.84%, 7.58±0.43% in group B; 14.90±0.96%, 79.20±0.45%, 7.34±0.42% in group C; 14.70±1.25%, 79.40±0.55%, 7.30±0.35% in group D respectively. Conclusion: No difference was found statistically significant in the percentage volume of the three zones of the adrenal cortex with advancing age in Bangladeshi people.
ABSTRACT
Background: The accessory pancreatic duct enters the duodenum at the minor duodenal papilla, developmentally draining the dorsal pancreatic bud; however, it is smaller and less constant than the main pancreatic duct and undergoes varying degrees of atrophy at the duodenal end. Objective: The objective of this study was to see the variations in course, opening and communication pattern of the accessory pancreatic duct in different age-groups in a Bangladeshi population. Methods: This crosssectional, descriptive study was done was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from August 2005 to December 2006, based on collection and dissection of 75 postmortem male human pancreas. The collected samples were divided into seven age groups: 10-19 years, 20-29 years,30-39 years, 40-49 years, 50-59 years),60-69 years and(eˆ70 years. However, 65 samples were taken for final observation. Results: The accessory pancreatic duct was found in 27.69% specimens. Straight course was found in 50% specimen, while spindle course in 27.78% and cudgel course in 22.22% specimens were observed. In only 4 (6.15%) specimens, the accessory pancreatic duct communicates with the common bile duct, while in 11 (16.93%) specimens, the accessory pancreatic duct communicates with the main pancreatic duct. 12 (66.67%) accessory pancreatic ducts opened into the minor duodenal papilla, while 5 (27.78%) into the major duodenal papilla and 1 (5.55%) into the 3rd duodenal papilla. Conclusion: Several variations were observed in accessory pancreatic duct pattern in terms of their course, opening and communications. However, no significant differences were evident in any parameter among the age groups. Here, females were excluded due to less availability of the female cadaveric pancreas during study period.
ABSTRACT
Background: Controversies still prevail on glomerular changes of kidney whether due to normal aging or its association with diseases. Objective: The aim of the present study was to see the variation in number and size of the glomeruli of kidney with increasing age in a Bangladeshi population based on autopsy. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from July 2008 to June 2009, based on collection of 140 post mortem human kidneys collected from 70 unclaimed dead bodies from the morgue. All the samples were divided into three age-groups: 10-19 years, 20-39 years and 40-59 years. Histological slides were prepared by using routine Harris’ Haematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) stain. The number of glomeruli was measured by point counting technique, while the size (diameter) was measured by using ocular and stage micrometer. Results: The mean ± SE number of glomeruli per sq. mm found in the right and left kidney were 8.45±0.52 and 8.67±0.80 in group 10-19 years, 9.90±0.42 and 9.92±0.47 in 20-39 years, and 8.52±0.18 and 8.55±0.16 in 40-59 years respectively. Besides, the size (mean ± SE diameter) of glomeruli was found in the right and left kidney were 43.96±3.01ìm and 143.92±2.90ìm in group 10-19 years, 153.69±5.18ìm and 153.61±5.24ìm in 20-39 years, and 140.48±0.95ìm and 140.78±0.88ìm in 40-59 years respectively. Conclusion: No difference was found in number and size of glomeruli between right and left kidney in any group. Similarly, no difference was also evident among different age groups.
ABSTRACT
Background: The quantity of acid produced by the stomach correlates with the functional capability and number of parietal cell mass. Researchers have found that the number of parietal cells tends to increase with advancing age in different population-based studies. Objective: A cross-sectional descriptive type of study was designed to see the variation in the number and diameter of the parietal cells of the stomach with advancing age in Bangladeshi people. Methods: The present study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from July 2005 to June 2006, based on collection of 60 human stomachs from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the morgue of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age-groups including group A (2-16 years), group B (17-22 years) and group C (23-65 years). A total of 8 relatively fresh samples from group A, 8 from group B and 14 from group C were selected for histological study. Then best prepared histological slides from each group were taken and examined under the light compound microscope to determine the number per sq. mm and average diameter of the parietal cells by using the ocular micrometer. Results: The number of parietal cells per square mm of microscopic fields were found 1197.88±73.34 in group A, 1362.25±55.67 in group B and 1615.57±123.57 in group C. The difference between group A & B, B & C and A & C were statistically significant. The average diameter of the parietal cells were found 14.44±1.58ìm, 16.87±0.48ìm, 17.67±1.28ìm in group A, B and C respectively. The difference between group A & B and A & C were statistically significant. Conclusion: The number of the parietal cells increases with age, even in old age. However, the diameter of the parietal cell increases up to the 3rd decade of life and then remains static.