Evaluation of In vitro Antioxidant and In vivo Pharmacological Activity of Leaf Extracts of Hoya parasitica (Wall.).

In present study, leaf extract of Hoya parasitica Wall. was evaluated for in vitro antioxidant and membrane stabilizing activity along with in vivo gastro intestinal motility and acute toxicity. Five different assays were performed to evaluate antioxidant activity. In DPPH free radical scavenging activity, methanol, ethanol and chloroform extract exhibited IC50 value similar to standard ascorbic acid. The presence of flavonoid and phenolic contents was also similar in all the plant extracts. However, chloroform extract showed remarkable reducing power capacity (69.10% at 200μg/mL). In case of membrane stabilization, the chloroform extract showed maximum inhibition (32.62 %) of haemolysis, whereas the ethanol extract showed a significant (p<0.001) human RBC membrane stabilizing effect. In vivo gastrointestinal motility test indicates significant (p<0.001) increase in gastrointestinal motility by Methanol extract (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.) and ethanol extract (200 mg/kg b.w.) compared to standard. Highest dose introduced as 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg/kg body weight of each extracts in acute toxicity study and did not shown any sign of toxicity in Swiss albino mice. The result obtained from this study, can be considered as preliminary and further sophisticated investigation is needed to isolate new bioactive compounds that might act as led compounds in future.

Phytochemical screenings, thrombolytic activity and antimicrobial properties of the bark extracts of Averrhoa bilimbi.

In this present study, the bark extracts of Averrhoa bilimbi were subjected to the thrombolytic activities were assessed by using human erythrocyte and the results were compared with standard streptokinase (SK). On the other hand, bark extracts of A. bilimbi revealed moderate antibacterial activity against some microorganisms used in the screening. Preliminary phytochemical investigation suggested the presence of flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids.

Investigation of cytotoxicity and in-vitro antioxidant activity of Asparagus racemosus root extract.

This attempt is made to address the phytoconstituents, free radical scavenging activity and brine shrimp lethality bioassay of five different extracts of Asparagus racemosus roots. Preliminary phytochemical examination of the crude extracts of Asparagus racemosus root disclosed the existence of different sort of chemical groups such as flavonoids, tannin, saponin, alkaloids, carbohydrate. The root displayed significant DPPH free radical scavenging activity with highest IC50 value showed by ethanol extract with a value of 78.15 μg/ml followed by methanol and petroleum ether having value of 106.44 μg/ml and 273.31 μg/ml respectively as opposed to that of the scavenging effects of ascorbic acid and BHT of 5.698 μg/ml and 8.816 μg/ml respectively. The highest reducing power was showed by ethanol extract followed by methanol and petroleum ether as opposed to that of the reducing potential of ascorbic acid and BHT. The fractions represented good cupric reducing capacity with increasing concentration taking ethanol extract in the top position. The ethanol extract yielded 108.78±2.77 mg/gm gallic acid equivalent phenolic content and methanol sub-fraction yielded 164.77±1.73 mg/gm quercetin equivalent flavonoid content that was highest among five extracts. Ethanol extract of Asparagus racemosus was found to possess the highest total antioxidant capacity (639.925±64.78) mg/gm followed by methanol (616.92±53.88) mg/gm and petroleum ether (469.17±52.95) mg/gm ascorbic acid equivalent respectively. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, LC50 values for ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether, n-hexane and chloroform were found to be 0.674 μg/ml, 0.719 μg/ml, 0.984 μg/ml, 2.157μg/ml and 1.514 μg/ml respectively. N-hexane and chloroform extract showed least activity in all the measures. The results suggest that Asparagus racemosus is a valuable source of antioxidant and has significant cytotoxic activity hence could eliminate many diseases related to free radical.

Preliminary phytochemical screening, in-vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of five different extracts of moringa oleifera leaf.

The purpose of this study was to judge the antioxidant activity and brine shrimp lethality bioassay followed by phytochemical screening of five different extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves. Preliminary Phytochemical screening of the crude extracts of Moringa oleifera leaf revealed the presence of different kind of chemical groups such as Flavonoids, tannin, Saponin, alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrate and Triterpenoids. The leaf exhibited significant DPPH free radical scavenging activity with highest IC50 value showed by chloroform extract with a value of 47.481 μg/ml followed by ethanol and methanol having value of 62.09 and 68.321 respectively as opposed to that of the scavenging effects of ascorbic acid and BHT of 5.698 and 8.816 respectively. Dried leaf of Moringa oleifera were subjected to brine shrimp lethality bioassay and the LC50 values of methanol, ethanol, petroleum ether, n-hexane and chloroform were found to be 0.747μg/ml, 0.712 μg/ml, 1.632 μg/ml, 2.163 μg/ml and 0.633 μg/ml respectively. The data obtained in the present study suggests that the extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves have potent antioxidant activity against free radicals and significant cytotoxic activity that can be used in disease prevention.

Comparative in vitro dissolution study of Aceclofenac Marketed Tablets in Two Different Dissolution Media by Validated Analytical Method.

In this study five marketed brands of aceclofenac 100 mg tablets have been evaluated using dissolution test in two different media with the aim to assess bioequivalence and to select a proper dissolution medium. Other general quality parameters of these tablets like weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time were also determined according to established protocols. All the brands complied with the official specification for friability, uniformity of weight, disintegration time and drug content. UV spectroscopic and RP-HPLC methods were validated for the parameters like linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness. Potency was determined by using these two methods. Potency obtained from UV method and HPLC methods were found similar with paired t test. Dissolution test results were subjected to further analysis by difference factor (f1), similarity factor (f2) and dissolution efficiency (% DE). Higher drug release was found in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 than in 0.05% sodium lauryl sulphate solution. All brands were found similar in respect of drug release in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 but they differ in respect of drug release in 0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate. So phosphate buffer pH 6.8 may be a suitable media for dissolution study of aceclofenac tablets.