ABSTRACT
Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite activated with laser in removing of the smear layer in the apical, middle, and coronal segments of root canal walls by scanning electron microscopy analysis
Methods: Sixty single-rooted human mandibular teeth were decoronated to a standardized length. The samples were prepared by using Race rotary system to size 40, 0.04 taper and divided into 4 equal groups [n = 15]. Group 1, irrigated with EDTA 17% and 5.25% NaOCl, groups 2, 3 and 4, 1%, 2.5%, and 5% NaOCl activated with Nd:YAG laser, respectively. Teeth were split longitudinally and subjected to scanning electron microscope [SEM]. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney tests. P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant
Results: Five percent NaOCl LAI [laser-activated irrigation] showed best smear layer removal in test groups and the difference was statistically significant [P < 0.001]. Control group [EDTA 17% and 5.25% NaOCl irrigation] showed significantly better outcomes in comparative with test groups [P < 0.001]. In the apical third, compared to coronal and middle third, the canal walls were often contaminated by inorganic debris and smear layer
Conclusion: All different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite activated with laser have a positive effect on removing of smear layer. Sodium hypochlorite activated with laser removed smear layer more effectively at the coronal and middle third compared to the apical third
Subject(s)
Humans , Smear Layer , Lasers , Microscopy, Electron, ScanningABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Assessment of dental pain severity is very challenging in dentistry. Previous studies have suggested that elevated salivary alpha amylase may contribute to increased physical stresses. There is a close association between salivary alpha amylase and plasma norepinephrine under stressful physical conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between pain severity and salivary alpha amylase levels in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients (20 females and 16 males) with severe tooth pain due to symptomatic irreversible pulpitis were selected. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score was used to assess the pain severity in each patient. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected, and the level of alpha amylase activity was assessed by the spectrophotometric method. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13. RESULTS: The level of alpha amylase was significantly increased in the saliva in association with pain severity assessed by VAS. The salivary alpha amylase was also elevated with increased age and in males. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant correlation between the VAS pain scale and salivary alpha amylase level, which indicates this biomarker may be a good index for the objective assessment of pain intensity.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , alpha-Amylases , Dentistry , Norepinephrine , Plasma , Pulpitis , Saliva , ToothABSTRACT
Bone resorption is one of the main features of inflammatory periapical lesions and is mainly mediated by interleukin-1 beta [IL-1 beta], tumor necrosis factoralpha [TNF- alpha] and prostaglandin-E2 [PGE2]. Recent investigations of these lesions revealed that pharmacological modulation may be possible. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ibuprofen on IL-1 beta, TNF- alpha and PGE2 levels in periapical exudates and compare the results with a group of placebo control. Thirty patients with non vital teeth and radiographic lesions were divided into two groups of case and control according to their entrance to the study. Periapical exudates were taken from root canals using absorbent paper points and followed by 400 mg Ibuprofen and placebo prescribed one tablet every 6 hour for three days and in the fourth day second samples were taken, then final cleaning, shaping and obturation of the canals were completed. IL-1 beta, TNF- alpha and PGE2 levels were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assays [ELISA]. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and student's t-test. The results showed that PGE2 levels were decreased significantly in the case group to 86.92 +/- 72.42 Pg/ml following Ibuprofen treatment comparing with the pre-treatment [164.96 +/- 12.255 Pg/ml] [p=0.02] and placebo group [154.2 +/- 97.13 Pg/ml] [p=0.001]. But there were no significant differences in IL-1 beta and TNF- alpha level between the two groups and in each group before and after treatment. The data indicate that Ibuprofen, as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug [NSAID], can be used to block PGE2 release, enhance healing of inflammatory periapical lesions and possibly to inhibit bone resorption
ABSTRACT
This study compared apical dye penetration using lateral condensation technique [LC] and LC technique with a reciprocal handpiece [mechanical lateral condensation or MLC] as a new method. Forty-eight human extracted straight canine teeth were used. After crown amputation, the teeth were randomly divided into four experimental groups of 10 teeth each and two negative and positive control groups of 4 teeth each. The groups were as follows: IA, 10 obturations completed by operator A using the LC technique; Group IB, 10 obturations completed by operator B using the LC technique; Group IIA, 10 obturations completed by operator A using the MLC technique; and Group IIB, 10 obturations completed by operator B using the MLC technique. All roots were placed in 2% methylene blue dye and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 3 minutes. Following centrifugation, the roots were cut along their long axis and evaluated under a stereomicroscope to measure the depth of dye penetration. A t-test showed that the teeth which were filled by the MLC technique had less dye penetration in comparison with LC technique [P<0.05]. This in vitro study illustrates that canals obturated with the MLC technique had superior apical seal than canals filled with the LC technique