In Vivo Study on Laxative Effect of Prunus amygdalus Oil

Objective: In this study, we assessed the laxative effects of Prunus amygdalus oil (PAO) in constipation model of mice. Method: The animals were divided into 6 groups and Prunus amygdalus oil was orally administered in two dose-strengths (3.0 ml/kg/day and 6.0 ml/kg/day) in mice. Group one was administered with Lactulose (30 ml/kg/day) as standard. Understandings of the possible mechanism of laxative action 2 groups of animals were pretreated with atropine (10 ml/kg/day) that moderately inhibit the laxative activity of Prunus amygdalus oil. Results: Results of our study revealed that treatment of PAO was effective in increasing the fecal number and fecal weight and this increase was very close to standard drug Lactulose, which indicate the laxative activity of oil. Those groups of animals which were previously administered with atropine partially inhibit the laxative activity of Prunus amygdalus oil, specifying that laxative action is mainly facilitated through muscarinic receptors activation and indicated the occurrence of Acetylcholine like component. Conclusion: Our study results revealed the laxative activity of PAO mediated mainly with the cholinergic pathway. This study provides a basis for beneficial use of Prunus amygdalus oil in constipation.

Evaluation of pain after administration of local anesthesia with and without medication [midazolam] in irreversible pulpitis in a sample of Sindh

The objective was to evaluate pain experience of the patient after administration of local anesthesia in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis with and without pre-medication Patients were diagnosed after taking medical and dental history, clinical examination, thermal tests and by taking radio-graphs. One hundred patients formed the study group. They were divided into two groups of fifty each, Group-A patients were given oral medication [Midazolan, Dormicum 7.5mg] and inferior dental nerve Block, while Group-B patients were given only Inferior Alveolar Nerve [IAN] Block [1.8 ml cartridge-1:100000 epinephrine] of Xylestesin-S [ESPE-Germany] without any pre-medication. Pre-operative pain of patients of both groups was recorded on Visual Analogue Scale [VAS] i.e: 0= no pain, 10 = most severe pain. [VAS 0>10] Group-A patients were given anesthesia 45 minutes after pre medication while Group-B, patients were treated routinely after administrating inferior dental nerve Block block. In group A [40% showed no pain, 44% mild pain, 12% moderate pain and 4% suffered severe pain n=50] while in group B [20% showed no pain, 50% mild pain, 20% moderate pain and 10% suffered from severe pain after the procedure was done. It was concluded that the patients who had received sedation, prior to anesthesia showed better results