Alteration in Serum Lipid Profile Pattern in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Potentially Malignant Disorders

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate and compare lipid profile level in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Material and Methods: Thirty histopathologically diagnosed subjects each of OL, OSMF, OSCC were recruited along with 30 healthy controls. 5ml of venous blood is collected and estimated using standard diagnostic kits. Results: The mean of Total cholesterol level in controls was 219.03 mg%, in OSCC, OL and OSMF was 142.89 ± 10.21mg%, 155.44 ± 17.63 mg% and 180.60 ± 13.25 mg%, respectively. The mean low-density lipid level in controls was 137.24 mg and in OSCC, OL and OSMF groups were 109.28 ± 2.16 mg%, 126.63 ± 0.85 mg% and 119.15 ± 0.93 mg%, respectively. The mean of high-density lipid level in controls, OSCC, OL and OSMF was 42.87 ± 0.42 mg%, 36.50 ± 2.31 mg%, 21.13 ± 0.77 mg% and 28.37 ± 1.11mg%, respectively. The mean of very low density lipids level in controls, OSCC, OL and OSMF was 30.12 ± 1.51 mg%, 17.24 ± 0.80 mg%, 22.25 ± 0.93 mg% and 25.89 ± 0.43 mg%, respectively. The mean triglyceride level in controls, OSCC, OL and OSMF was 118.80 ± 9.47 mg%, 91.2 ± 3.03 mg%, 105.05 ± 2.96 mg% and 106.19 ± 3.09 mg%, respectively. Conclusion: Lipid profile levels could be early indicators of precancer and cancer.

Organoaxial volvulus of descending colon: a case report

“Colonic volvulus” refers to the twisting of colon, which most commonly involves sigmoid colon causing obstruction, ischemia and gangrene. But very rarely segment of descending colon can be involved. This is a case of 42 year old male with vomiting, abdomen pain and distension since one day, showing organoaxial volvulus of descending colon loop with a twist of mesentery.

Adherence to anti-retroviral therapy and factors influencing it among HIV/AIDS adult patients in Agra: a cross-sectional study

Background: HIV/AIDS remains a significant global public health problem. With approximately 56% HIV patients in India receiving treatment, adherence to drugs is a crucial element for successful management. Sustainable development goals, National Strategic plan for HIV/AIDS and STI (2017-24) and 90-90-90 target pushing towards ending of AIDS epidemic require adequate adherence and this research estimates the adherence, associated factors and reasons for non-compliance.Methods: This analytical cross sectional study was undertaken on 160 HIV patients from an ART Centre. A pre-structured, pilot tested, face validated questionnaire was used and data collected by face to face interviews, through random selection of participants from outpatient department register. Data was analysed using Epi Info software and chi squared test applied.Results: Of the 160 study subjects, 86.8% remained adherent to the treatment with forgetfulness (71.4%) being the most common cause for non-adherence. Statistically significant treatment adherence was observed to be associated with socio-economic status (p=0.021) and period elapsed since diagnosis (p=0.041).Conclusions: Improving adherence to drug therapy through intensive counselling, streamlined drug supply and increased family participation would go a long way in reducing the menace of HIV.

Role of Honey as a Dietary Adjunct for Improvements of Glycemic Status and Body Weight in Healthy Individuals

Introduction: Honey is a common sweetener for foods anda powerful medicinal tool. Physiological and Biochemicaleffects of honey vary with the botanical source of nectar.Natural honey is considered a valuable medicinal food andhas been found to be useful in management of diabetes anddyslipidemia. The present study was conducted to evaluatethe effect of honey on fasting blood glucose level and BMI innormal healthy individuals.Material and methods: 70 gm honey dissolved in 130 ml ofwater was administered daily on empty stomach for 30 daysto the 30 normal healthy subjects under study. Estimation ofblood glucose was done before and after administration ofhoney by GOD-POD method. Measurement of anthropometricparameters (weight, waist/hip circumference and BMI) andblood pressure of the subjects was recorded at the beginningand after completion of the study.Results: Honey administration lowered blood glucose levelsin healthy individuals and a significant reduction in BMI andfasting blood glucose level was observed in our study.Conclusion: Present study suggests the hypothesis that honeymight have potential to modulate fasting blood glucose andBMI of normal healthy subjects, which are risk factors forchronic metabolic disorders.

Impact of Awareness on Health Status of Breast Cancer Patients

Introduction: Brest Cancer is the second most commontype of Cancer after lung Cancer. Hence, it is necessary tobring etiology, symptoms of awareness in the women aboutthe breast Cancer. It is more important to the women whoare affected with the Breast Cancer to be aware about thetreatment, appropriate diet during the treatment, side effectsof therapy and their remedies and precautions after treatment.This study was conducted to assess the impact of awarenessabout the disease on the health status of breast cancer patients.Material and methods: A sample of 300 patients sufferingfrom breast cancer were selected by random sampling method.Interview schedule was structured to collect informationregarding awareness of breast cancer patients. Health statusassessed by anthropometric measurement for BMI and waisthip ratio, presence of clinical sign and symptoms assessedby clinical examination and estimation of hemoglobin bycyanmethemoglobin method . One way anova test was appliedto determine the significance of the study.Results: It was found that maximum breast cancer patients(N=242) exhibited medium status of awareness whichwas found to be 80.67%. The high status of awareness wasobserved only in 15.33% breast cancer patients which wascomparatively a small number (N=46). The least numberof breast cancer patients (N=12) exhibited low status ofawareness (4%).Conclusion: The study concluded that awareness of diseasein breast cancer patients has a significant effect on their healthstatus.

Primary Postpartum Haemorrhage – Morbidity And Mortality

Background:To study the incidence of primary postpartum haemorrhage, morbidity and mortality. Methods: Study was carried out in department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Swaroop Rani Nehru and associated Hospital, M..L.N. Medical College Allahabad. All pregnant women who underwent vaginal delivery and those who were admitted within 24 hours of delivery were included in the study .Group allocation was done randomly in three groups. Analysis of study data was done by chi square test. Result:The incidence of primary postpartum haemorrhage was 4%.Maximum incidence was noted in group A (5.8%) and minimum in group C (4.2%) .The morbidity which were related to primary postpartum haemorrhage were anaemia (68%),infection (42%),blood transfusion related complications (26%),DIC(4%), and hysterectomy (3%). 0.3% of patients died of severe postpartum haemorrhage .Management options included intensive therapy ,B-Lynch sutures and hysterectomy. Conclusion: ?

Preparation of Drug Eluting Natural Composite Scaffold Using Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network Approach

Silk fibroin/xanthan composite was investigated as a suitable biomedical material for controlled drug delivery, and blending ratios of silk fibroin and xanthan were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) approach. A non-linear ANN model was developed to predict the effect of blending ratios, percentage swelling and porosity of composite material on cumulative percentage release. The efficiency of RSM was assessed against ANN and it was found that ANN is better in optimizing and modeling studies for the fabrication of the composite material. In-vitro release studies of the loaded drug chloramphenicol showed that the optimum composite scaffold was able to minimize burst release of drug and was followed by controlled release for 5 days. Mechanistic study of release revealed that the drug release process is diffusion controlled. Moreover, during tissue engineering application, investigation of release pattern of incorporated bioactive agent is beneficial to predict, control and monitor cellular response of growing tissues. This work also presented a novel insight into usage of various drug release model to predict material properties. Based on the goodness of fit of the model, Korsmeyer–Peppas was found to agree well with experimental drug release profile, which indicated that the fabricated material has swellable nature. The chloramphenicol (CHL) loaded scaffold showed better efficacy against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. CHL loaded SFX55 (50:50) scaffold shows promising biocomposite for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications.

Community medicine: Desperate times calling for desperate measures.

This article is an attempt by authors to find the solutions for some of the common queries and problems faced by postgraduate students and young faculty members of department of Community Medicine. Topics which are discussed here include: nomenclature of the department, teaching and training of undergraduate and postgraduate students, services to the community and job opportunity after completion of degree/diploma in Community Medicine/PSM/Public Health.

Solubilization of Poorly Water Soluble Drug Using Mixed Solvency Approach for Aqueous Injection.

Aim: 1) To increase water solubility of indomethacin drug using mixed solvency approach. 2) To employ use of non toxic solubilizers for increasing solubility of a poorly water soluble drug. Study Design: Trial and error based experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, UTD, Takshashila Campus, Indore, India and College of Pharmacy, IPS Academy, Indore, India between Jan. 2011 and June. 2012. Methodology: By making mixed solvent (40%) blends of selected water soluble substances from the hydrotropes (urea, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, nicotinamide); water-soluble solids (PEG- 4000, PEG-6000); and co-solvents (propylene glycol, glycerine, PEG-200, PEG-400, PEG 600) solubility studies were performed with indomethacin (model drug). On the basis of solubility studies formulation was developed. The solubilized drug and prepared formulation were characterized by ultraviolet and infrared techniques. Various properties of solution such as pH, viscosity, specific gravity and surface tension were studied. The developed formulation was studied for physical and chemical stability. Result: Aqueous solubility of drug in case of selected blends ranged from 14.55 mg/ml – 19.96 mg/ml (as compared to the solubility in distilled water 0.0464 ± 0.007 mg/ml). The enhancement in the solubility of drug in a mixed solvent containing 10% sodium benzoate, 5% sodium citrate and 25 % S cosolvent (25% S cosolvent contains PEG200, PEG 400, PEG600, Glycerine and Propylene glycol) was more than 400 fold. Prepared formulation F10 show appreciable physical and chemical stability. Conclusion: The results of this study provide guidance for developing an injectable product and strategies for improving solubility as well as stability of poorly water soluble drug using the concept of mixed solvency. The proposed technique is economical, convenient and safe. The application of mixed solvency approach in the development of formulations shall prove a boon for pharmaceutical industries.

Pseudoaneurysm of profunda femoris artery following dynamic hip screw fixation for intertrochanteric femoral fracture / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Dynamic hip screw fixation is a commonly performed procedure for internal fixation of intertrochanteric femoral fractures. Arterial injury following the operative fixation is a rare but serious event. We present a patient who developed pseudoaneurysm of profunda femoris artery after internal fixation of intertrochanteric fracture with a dynamic hip screw. The diagnosis was confirmed by angiographic study and it was successfully treated by coil embolization.

Antifertility effect of chronically administered Tabernaemontana divaricata leaf extract on male rats

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the antifertility effect of chronically administered Tabernaemontana divaricata (T. divaricata) leaf extract on male rats.@*METHODS@#The effect of 50% ethanol extract of T. divaricata leaves on reproduction was studied on male rats. The study was divided into four groups of five animals each. The first groups (I) received vehicle alone to serve as control. The second, third and fourth groups (II, II and IV) of animals were administered the leaf extract daily at 50 mg/kg body weight, p.o.,100 mg/kg body weight, p.o., and 200 mg/kg body weight, p.o., respectively, for a period of 60 days.@*RESULTS@#Significant decreases in the weight of testes, epididymis, seminal vesicle and ventral prostate were observed. A dose related reduction in the testicular sperm count, epididymal sperm count and motility, number of fertile male, ratio between delivered and inseminated females and numbers of pups were observed. The testis showed a clear correlation between the dose and severity of lesions of seminiferous epithelium. In general, the seminiferous tubules appear reduced in size with a frequently filled eosinophilic material. Spermatogenesis arrested at the secondary spermatocyte stage. Pachytene spermatocytes were undergoing degeneration. Disorganigation and sloughing of immature germ cell were visible. Leydinf cells were atrophied. No morphological changes were observed in Sertoli cells. Significant reduction in serum concentration of luteinizing hormone and testosterone were observed. No distinct change in serum FSH concentration was recorded. The final body weights of all groups were elevated markedly. No alterations were recorded in any hematologiocal parameters.@*CONCLUSION@#It is concluded that the 50% ethanol extract of T. divaricata leaf produced dose related effect on male reproduction without altering general body metabolism.