Female form of persistent mullerian duct syndrome: rare entity

Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome [PMDS] is a rare form of Disorder of sex development in which Mullerian duct derivatives [fallopian tubes, uterus and the proximal vagina] are present in an otherwise normally differentiated 46 XY male. In the majority of cases, PMDS is a surprise finding either during orchidopexy or during inguinal hernia repair. We report a case of 4 year child with female type [Type III] PMDS. We are discussing the presentation, management and review of the literature

Evaluation of healing at urethral anastomotic site by pericatheter retrograde urethrogram in patients with urethral stricture

Stricture urethra has been always a surgical challenge. Different opinions regarding time require healing at anastomotic site after urethroplasty, so various strategies are there regarding time for post-operative catheter removal. In this study, healing was assessed by pericatheter retrograde urethrogram [PUG] before the catheter removal. Prospective study was conducted from January 2006 to December 2009. Twenty eight cases of short-segment urethral stricture [<2 cm] who underwent urethroplasty were included and divided into two groups depending upon etiology; post-traumatic group [road traffic accident/straddle type injury] and iatrogenic stricture group [due to prolong catheterization/after cystoscopy/Faulty Foleys balloon placement]. Post-operative PUG was done on 14[th] post-operative day in all patients for healing assessment. Extravasation of dye on PUG was taken as anastomotic leak. If the patient had not showed extravasation, the catheter was removed. Otherwise it was kept further for next one week and again PUG was done for healing assessment. Extravasation of dye was noted in 4 patients [33%] of iatrogenic group and 14 patients [87.5%] of the post-traumatic group on 14[th] post-operative day PUG. [P