ABSTRACT
Background: The International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Staging System [INRGSS] is a recent pretreatment staging system for neuroblastoma [NB], based on imaging by CT before surgery
Purpose: this study aimed to stage NB cases using CT scan, in relation to available clinicopathologic data
Patients and Methods: Twenty pathologically proven NB cases were included. All were reviewed for patients' characteristics, includingage; sex, clinical picture, LN status and metastatic spread. All cases underwent CT scan for diagnosis. Stagingwas done using IDRFs, LN status and metastatic spread according to the INRGSS and INSS when available
Results: an abdominal mass was found in 85% of cases and the suprarenal gland was the most common site of primary tumor [50% of cases]. Concerning tumor grade, 85 % of cases were poorly differentiated. LNs were positive in 70%, and metastatic spread was found in 35% of patients respectively. Staging according to the INRGSS showed that L2 was the most common stage [45% of cases], followed by M stage [35%]. L1 and MS stages were found in 15% and 5% of cases respectively. Only 7 cases had postsurgical CT scans, and were staged according to the INSS
Conclusion: it was concluded that the use of the INRGSS using CT scan, is a recent valuable pretreatment staging system, allowing accurate classification of neuroblastoma
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Multidetector Computed Tomography , Neoplasm Staging , Retrospective Studies , Abdomen/pathologyABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome [PRES] represents a clinico-radiological constellation of neurological symptoms and radiological features. The syndrome tends radiologically to be present with certain features and patterns. Our aim in this study is to investigate the PRES radiological features by which it does present in our community and to correlate the findings clinically
Methods: the MR images obtained for the 17 patients included in the study were analyzed for the PRES features and patterns. Fluid Attenuation Inversion Recovery [FLAIR] sequence was the mainly used sequence for assessment. Diffusion images with their apparent diffusion coefficient maps, T[2*] images, and Angiography were also utilized for further assessment and characterization
Results: most of the cases demonstrated a bilateral involvement [94%]. The regional distribution supra-tentorially included parietal and occipital affection in 94%, frontal lobe affection in 76%, and temporal lobe affection in 71%. Infra-tentorial involvement was noted in 41% of the cases. Pattern percentages were slightly different from those available in the literature with the Holo-hemispheric Watershed pattern being the most common [35%]
Conclusion: the originally described PRES features are present in the majority of the studied cases. The identified PRES patterns may reflect underlying clinical or pathological correlations, and hence can vary across communities
ABSTRACT
We report a 4 month old male, 4th in order of birth of healthy consanguineous Egyptian parents with typical characteristics of microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism most probably belongs to type I [MOPD I]. The patient had intrauterine growth retardation, sparse scalp hair, sparse eyebrows and eyelashes, high arched palate, micrognathia, low set ears, short neck, clenched fists, groove between thumb and palm of hand, arachnodactyly, flexion contractures of elbow and knee. He also had thin dry skin with marked decreased subcutaneous fat and prominent superficial veins over chest and abdomen and mild hypertrichosis over lower back and buttocks. However, the patient had severe anemia and MRI brain findings revealed global hypovolemic brain changes in the form of dilated ventricles and widened cortical sulci, multiple old vascular insults and aneurismal dilatation of right internal carotid artery [ICA] which are consistent with MOPD II